Řezáč Milan, Řezáčová Veronika, Heneberg Petr
Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic.
Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jan;373:123486. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123486. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
The ability of tissue endosymbionts to degrade and detoxify agrochemicals is increasingly recognized as a mechanism supporting the survival of arthropods in agroecosystems. Therefore, tissue endosymbionts have the potential to drive insecticide resistance in agrobiont spiders, i.e., in major generalist predators and pest control agents within agroecosystems. We hypothesized that the abundance and diversity of the endosymbiotic bacteria of Philodromus cespitum, a philodromid spider dominating central European apple orchards, vary with regard to differences in predation capacity and drive host insecticide resistance. We provisioned P. cespitum with diets of varying protein and lipid content and topically exposed them to field-relevant doses of commonly used insecticides, namely Mospilan (acetamiprid), Movento (spirotetramat), Gondola (sulfoxaflor), Decis (deltamethrin), Coragen (chlorantraniliprole), and Benevia (cyantraniliprole). The analyses were based on 16S rDNA profiles from lysates of the cephalothorax and legs of the tested spiders. The application of Benevia, Mospilan, and Movento was partially lethal. The spiders that were resistant to the treatments with Benevia, Mospilan, or Movento were associated with the increased relative abundance of Mycoplasmatota by more than one order of magnitude. Additionally, the abundance of other bacteria differed in Mospilan-resistant and Mospilan-sensitive individuals. In contrast, the diet regimens were not associated with any major differences in the microbiome diversity nor the diversity of endosymbionts. Philodromus cespitum hosts assemblages with unexpectedly high beta diversity of endosymbionts. The OTU identified as the alpha proteobacterium endosymbiont of Coelostomidia zealandica was an obligate endosymbiont of the analyzed P. cespitum population. Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Spiroplasma endosymbionts were also highly prevalent and differed in their responses to the applied treatments. In conclusion, differences in the abundance and diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria drove the resistance of the spider host to selected insecticides.
组织内共生体降解和解毒农用化学品的能力日益被视为一种支持节肢动物在农业生态系统中生存的机制。因此，组织内共生体有可能推动农业共生蜘蛛产生抗药性，即在农业生态系统中的主要多食性捕食者和害虫控制剂中产生抗药性。我们假设，中欧苹果园优势种圆颚蛛（Philodromus cespitum）的内共生细菌的丰度和多样性会因捕食能力的差异而有所不同，并会推动宿主产生抗药性。我们为圆颚蛛提供了不同蛋白质和脂质含量的食物，并将它们局部暴露于田间相关剂量的常用杀虫剂中，即莫比朗（啶虫脒）、美螨立克（螺虫乙酯）、艾绿士（氟啶虫胺腈）、敌杀死（溴氰菊酯）、康宽（氯虫苯甲酰胺）和倍内威（氰虫酰胺）。分析基于受试蜘蛛头胸部和腿部裂解物的16S rDNA图谱。施用倍内威、莫比朗和美螨立克有部分致死性。对倍内威、莫比朗或美螨立克处理具有抗性的蜘蛛，其支原体门（Mycoplasmatota）的相对丰度增加了一个多数量级。此外，对莫比朗有抗性和敏感的个体中，其他细菌的丰度也有所不同。相比之下，饮食方案与微生物组多样性或内共生体多样性的任何重大差异均无关。圆颚蛛宿主的内共生体具有出乎意料的高β多样性组合。被鉴定为新西兰腔颚蛛（Coelostomidia zealandica）α变形菌内共生体的OTU是所分析的圆颚蛛种群的专性内共生体。沃尔巴克氏体（Wolbachia）、立克次氏体（Rickettsia）和螺原体（Spiroplasma）内共生体也高度普遍，且对所施用处理的反应有所不同。总之，内共生细菌丰度和多样性的差异导致蜘蛛宿主对选定杀虫剂产生抗性。
