Řezáčová Veronika, Šimon Tomáš, Némethová Ema, Saska Pavel, Mayerová Markéta
Czech Agrifood Research Center, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, Prague 6, 161 06, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 20;15(1):30630. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15255-7.
Growing catch crops can improve soil health by enhancing microbial diversity, but their impact may be constrained by how they are managed. This study examined the effects of different catch crop species and soil cultivation methods on bacterial and fungal diversity, and total soil microbial biomass. A 3-year field experiment on Luvi-haplic Chernozem included two catch crop species and five mixtures (further catch crop species) and three cultivation methods (ploughing, reduced tillage and no tillage), resulting in 21 treatments (7 catch crop species x 3 soil cultivations). Soil samples (0–15 cm depth) were collected annually in autumn and spring since 2021 to 2024. Microbial biomass was assessed using the chloroform fumigation extraction method, while fungal and bacterial diversity was analysed by amplifying and sequencing the ITS2 region of rDNA and the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene for fungi and bacteria, respectively, via Illumina paired-end amplicon sequencing. Soil cultivation methods affected bacterial diversity, with reduced tillage showing higher diversity and evenness than ploughing, though neither differed from no-till. However, no effect was observed on fungal diversity, including AM fungi, or microbial biomass. Catch crop species did not significantly impact microbial diversity or biomass. Neither cultivation method nor catch crop species influenced the ratios of functional trophic groups, such as pathogens, saprotrophs or symbionts. This study underscores the critical role of soil management practices—especially reduced tillage—in promoting soil health, primarily through the enhancement of bacterial diversity.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-15255-7.
种植填闲作物可以通过增强微生物多样性来改善土壤健康状况，但其影响可能会受到管理方式的限制。本研究考察了不同填闲作物种类和土壤耕作方法对细菌和真菌多样性以及土壤微生物总生物量的影响。在淋溶黑钙土上进行的为期3年的田间试验包括两种填闲作物种类和五种混合物（其他填闲作物种类）以及三种耕作方法（深耕、少耕和免耕），共产生21种处理方式（7种填闲作物种类×3种土壤耕作方式）。自2021年至2024年，每年秋季和春季采集土壤样本（深度0 - 15厘米）。使用氯仿熏蒸提取法评估微生物生物量，同时通过分别扩增和测序rDNA的ITS2区域以及真菌和细菌的16S rRNA基因的V4区域，利用Illumina双端扩增子测序分析真菌和细菌多样性。土壤耕作方法影响细菌多样性，少耕比深耕显示出更高的多样性和均匀度，不过二者与免耕均无差异。然而，未观察到对真菌多样性（包括丛枝菌根真菌）或微生物生物量有影响。填闲作物种类对微生物多样性或生物量没有显著影响。耕作方法和填闲作物种类均未影响功能营养组的比例，如病原菌、腐生菌或共生菌。本研究强调了土壤管理措施——尤其是少耕——在促进土壤健康方面的关键作用，主要是通过增强细菌多样性来实现。
在线版本包含可在10.1038/s41598-025-15255-7获取的补充材料。
