Kozłowski J, Wiegert R G
Theor Popul Biol. 1986 Feb;29(1):16-37. doi: 10.1016/0040-5809(86)90003-1.
The optimal allocation of energy to growth and reproduction is considered for three different cases, i.e., a single reproduction (semelparity), reproduction through repeated discrete clutches, and continuous reproduction. The problem reduces to optimizing age and size at maturity. The best strategy is to continue growth until the change of production rate with respect to increasing body size, multiplied by life expectancy for those attaining adulthood and reproducing successfully, is greater than one. The time at which semelparous species reproduce may also be optimized; for the other modes of reproduction only physiological factors or seasonality can limit the maximum age. A brief growing season or high mortality rate are factors leading to early maturity and small adult body size.
针对三种不同情况，即单次繁殖（单次生殖）、通过重复离散窝卵数进行繁殖以及连续繁殖，考虑了能量在生长和繁殖之间的最优分配。该问题简化为优化成熟时的年龄和体型。最佳策略是持续生长，直到相对于体型增加的生产率变化，乘以成年并成功繁殖个体的预期寿命，大于1。单次生殖物种的繁殖时间也可以优化；对于其他繁殖模式，只有生理因素或季节性会限制最大年龄。生长季节短暂或死亡率高是导致早熟和成年体型较小的因素。
