A Comparative Evaluation of Allogenic Cancellous Particulate Chips and Autologous Bone Graft From Symphysis in the Regeneration of Periodontal Intrabony Defect: A Randomized Controlled Clinico-Radiographic Study.

Background and objective Periodontal therapy primarily aims to regenerate periodontal supporting tissues lost due to periodontitis. Autogenous bone grafts (ABG) are viewed as the gold standard method in bone regeneration and they have fewer drawbacks. Hence, many different bone-regenerating materials can be used including allografts, which have excellent biological qualities. This study compares the relative success rates of ABG and mineralized irradiated cancellous bone graft (MICBG) in repairing intraosseous defects caused by periodontal disease. Methods The study involved 30 patients presenting with intraosseous defects; 15 each were randomly allocated to two groups after obtaining informed consent: Group A (MICBG) and Group B (ABG). Baseline clinical indicators were evaluated three and six months after surgery. Defect depth (DD) and radiographic bone fill (RBF%) were the two radiographic parameters measured at baseline and six months after surgery. Results We observed a statistically significant decrease in radiographic DD between the two groups after six months. However, the mean difference between the two groups for RBF% was statistically non-significant (p>0.05). Conclusions Based on our findings, both bone grafts are equally effective in reducing pocket probing depth (PPD). Our results endorse MICBG as a promising alternative to ABG in regenerating periodontal intraosseous defects. The choice of the type of bone graft depends on the decision of the clinician based on the size of the intrabony defect and the availability of the donor site.