外泌体作为移植免疫的调节因子和生物标志物
Exosomes as Modulators and Biomarkers of Transplant Immunity.
作者信息
Palma Liv, Gentile Micaela, Chun Nicholas
机构信息
Translational Transplant Research Center and Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
UO Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Parma, Parma, Italy.
出版信息
Curr Transplant Rep. 2023 Dec;10(4):245-252. doi: 10.1007/s40472-023-00413-5. Epub 2023 Oct 4.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Exosomes have garnered increasing interest due to their involvement in a wide array of biological processes, including immunity and regeneration. In this review, we outline our current understanding of the role of exosomes in modulating transplant immune responses and as biomarkers of allograft function or rejection.
RECENT FINDINGS
The exosomal effect on post-transplant immunity is heterogeneous and context dependent. They are critical for priming anti-donor T cell immunity via semi-direct presentation but have also been shown to promote tolerance to graft-expressed non-inherited maternal antigens. Post-transplant, proteomic and gene expression profiling of exosomes collected from blood, urine, or bronchoalveolar lavage can discriminate between cellular and antibody-mediated rejection and as a potential early prognostication tool.
SUMMARY
Secreted by both the donor and recipient cells after solid organ transplantation, exosomes are mechanistic mediators of the allogeneic immunity and have shown promise as non-invasive biomarkers of graft function.
综述目的
外泌体因其参与包括免疫和再生在内的一系列生物过程而越来越受到关注。在本综述中，我们概述了目前对外泌体在调节移植免疫反应以及作为同种异体移植物功能或排斥反应生物标志物方面作用的理解。
最新发现
外泌体对移植后免疫的影响是异质性的，且取决于具体情况。它们通过半直接呈递启动抗供体T细胞免疫至关重要，但也已被证明可促进对移植物表达的非遗传母体抗原的耐受性。移植后，从血液、尿液或支气管肺泡灌洗中收集的外泌体的蛋白质组学和基因表达谱分析可以区分细胞介导和抗体介导的排斥反应，并作为一种潜在的早期预后工具。
总结
实体器官移植后由供体和受体细胞分泌的外泌体是同种异体免疫的机制性介质，并已显示出作为移植物功能的非侵入性生物标志物的前景。
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