Luo Lingzi, Li Gen, Tang Weiming, Wu Dan, Hall Brian
New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
New York University Shanghai, Center for Global Health Equity, Shanghai, China.
JMIR Form Res. 2024 Dec 2;8:e51470. doi: 10.2196/51470.
The implementation of COVID-19 lockdown measures had immediate and delayed psychological effects. From March 27, 2022, to June 1, 2022, the Shanghai government enforced a city-wide lockdown that affected 25 million residents. During this period, mental health services were predominantly provided through digital platforms. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the general population's intention to use mental health services during this time.
This study aimed to assess the intention of Shanghai residents to use mental health services during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown and identify factors associated with the intention to use mobile mental health services.
An online survey was distributed from April 29 to June 1, 2022, using a purposive sampling approach across 16 districts in Shanghai. Eligible participants were adults over 18 years of age who were physically present in Shanghai during the lockdown. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between demographic factors, lockdown-related stressors and experiences, physical and mental health status, and study outcomes-mobile mental health service use intention (mobile applications and WeChat Mini Programs [Tencent Holdings Limited]).
The analytical sample comprised 3230 respondents, among whom 29.7% (weighted percentage; n=1030) screened positive for depression or anxiety based on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire or the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Less than one-fourth of the respondents (24.4%, n=914) expressed an intention to use any form of mental health services, with mobile mental health service being the most considered option (19.3%, n=728). Only 10.9% (n=440) used digital mental health services during the lockdown. Factors associated with increased odds of mobile mental health service use intention included being female, being employed, being a permanent resident, experiencing COVID-19-related stressors (such as loss of income, food insecurity, and potentially traumatic experiences), and having social and financial support. Individuals with moderate or severe anxiety, as well as those with comorbid anxiety and depression, demonstrated a higher intention to use mobile mental health services. However, individuals with depression alone did not exhibit a significantly higher intention compared with those without common mental disorders.
Despite a high prevalence of common mental disorders among Shanghai residents, less than one-fourth of the study respondents expressed an intention to use any form of mental health services during the lockdown. Mobile apps or WeChat Mini Programs were the most considered mental health service formats. The study provided insights for developing more person-centered mobile mental health services to meet the diverse needs of different populations.
新冠疫情封锁措施的实施产生了即时和延迟的心理影响。2022年3月27日至6月1日，上海市政府实施了全市范围的封锁，影响了2500万居民。在此期间，心理健康服务主要通过数字平台提供。然而，关于这一时期普通人群使用心理健康服务的意愿，了解有限。
本研究旨在评估2022年上海封锁期间居民使用心理健康服务的意愿，并确定与使用移动心理健康服务意愿相关的因素。
2022年4月29日至6月1日进行了一项在线调查，采用立意抽样方法，覆盖上海16个区。符合条件的参与者为18岁以上、封锁期间实际身处上海的成年人。采用多变量逻辑回归来估计人口统计学因素、与封锁相关的压力源和经历、身心健康状况与研究结果——移动心理健康服务使用意愿（移动应用程序和微信小程序[腾讯控股有限公司]）之间的关联。
分析样本包括3230名受访者，其中根据9项患者健康问卷或7项广泛性焦虑症量表筛查出抑郁或焦虑呈阳性的占29.7%（加权百分比；n = 1030）。不到四分之一的受访者（24.4%，n = 914）表示有意愿使用任何形式的心理健康服务，其中移动心理健康服务是最受考虑的选项（19.3%，n = 728）。封锁期间只有10.9%（n = 440）使用了数字心理健康服务。与移动心理健康服务使用意愿增加几率相关的因素包括女性、就业、常住居民、经历与新冠疫情相关的压力源（如收入损失、粮食不安全和潜在创伤经历）以及拥有社会和经济支持。中度或重度焦虑患者以及同时患有焦虑和抑郁的患者，使用移动心理健康服务的意愿更高。然而，单纯患有抑郁症的患者与没有常见精神障碍的患者相比，使用意愿并未显著更高。
尽管上海居民中常见精神障碍的患病率较高，但不到四分之一的研究受访者表示在封锁期间有意愿使用任何形式的心理健康服务。移动应用程序或微信小程序是最受考虑的心理健康服务形式。该研究为开发更以人为本满足不同人群多样化需求的移动心理健康服务提供了见解。
