Timofeeva A V, Akhmetzyanova E R, Rizvanov A A, Mukhamedshina Y O
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Neuroscience. 2025 Jan 26;565:594-603. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.074. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
This article discusses the peculiarities of microglia behaviour and their interaction with other cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during neural tissue injury with a focus on spinal cord injury (SCI). Taking into account the plasticity of microglia, the influence of the microenvironment should be taken into account to establish the mechanisms determining the polarization pathways of these cells. Determination of the system of microglia interactions with other CNS cells during injury will reveal the patterns of post-traumatic microglia responses, in particular, determining both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This review compiles information on changes in microglia activation, migration and phagocytosis, as well as their reciprocal effects on other CNS cells, such as neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, in the background of SCI. The information contained in this article may be of interest not only to scientists studying traumatic injuries of the central nervous system, but also to specialists in the field of studying and treating neurodegenerative diseases, since the mechanisms occurring in the injured spinal cord may also be characteristic of pathological events in degenerative processes.
本文讨论了神经组织损伤（尤其是脊髓损伤，SCI）过程中，小胶质细胞行为的特殊性及其与中枢神经系统（CNS）其他细胞的相互作用。考虑到小胶质细胞的可塑性，应考虑微环境的影响，以建立决定这些细胞极化途径的机制。确定损伤过程中小胶质细胞与其他中枢神经系统细胞的相互作用系统，将揭示创伤后小胶质细胞反应的模式，特别是确定促炎和抗炎反应。这篇综述汇编了脊髓损伤背景下小胶质细胞激活、迁移和吞噬作用的变化信息，以及它们对其他中枢神经系统细胞（如神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞）的相互影响。本文所包含的信息不仅可能引起研究中枢神经系统创伤性损伤的科学家的兴趣，也可能引起研究和治疗神经退行性疾病领域的专家的兴趣，因为受损脊髓中发生的机制也可能是退行性过程中病理事件的特征。
