Ibraheem Hiba H, Queen Batool K, Al-Sabti Matheel D, Issa Ali A, Al-Majedy Yasameen K, Jabir Majid S, Sulaiman Ghassan M, Hasoon Buthenia A, Eshaq Merriam M, Jawad Kareem H, Jawad Sabrean F, Fawzi Hayder A, Shuaib Muhammad, Najm Mazin A A, Swelum Ayman A
Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Science, Uruk University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 2;14(1):29912. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81555-z.
It has been established that the Hydrazone derivatives have important pharmacological effects. In the first step, hydrazine (NHNH) reacts with a compound containing a carbonyl group (C = O) in the presence of ethanol and heat, leading to the formation of hydrazone compound (H1). The second step is the formation of the Schiff base (H2) by the reaction of compound (H1) with indole, ethanol, and acetic acid, which contain a double bond (C = N). In the third step, the (H1) reacts with thiophene, ethanol, and acetic acid to form a compound (H3) containing multiple bonds between the indole and thiophene rings. The synthetic test compounds underwent characterization using TLC, IR, 1 H - NMR, and ¹C NMR spectral examinations. Both compounds, H2 and H3, exhibit antioxidant activity at different concentrations (from 12.5 to 100 µgmL), where the effect increases gradually with the increase in concentration. The compounds (H2 and H3) exhibited an apparent inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Calculations have been performed for DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the ADMET protocol, and they are essential for describing the interaction and stability. In hydrazone derivatives, groups like amine, hydroxy, thiophene, and indole form hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. These interactions are crucial to evaluating the compound's stability and its potential to inhibit enzyme activity. The results indicate that the compound shows strong binding and stability at the active site, making it a promising candidate for further studies as an anti-colon cancer agent.
已经确定腙衍生物具有重要的药理作用。第一步,肼(NHNH)在乙醇和加热的条件下与含有羰基(C = O)的化合物反应,生成腙化合物(H1)。第二步是化合物(H1)与含有双键(C = N)的吲哚、乙醇和乙酸反应形成席夫碱(H2)。第三步,(H1)与噻吩、乙醇和乙酸反应,形成吲哚环和噻吩环之间含有多个键的化合物(H3)。合成的测试化合物通过薄层色谱法(TLC)、红外光谱(IR)、¹H - 核磁共振(¹H - NMR)和¹³C核磁共振(¹³C NMR)光谱检查进行表征。化合物H2和H3在不同浓度(12.5至100 µg/mL)下均表现出抗氧化活性,其效果随浓度增加而逐渐增强。化合物(H2和H3)对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的生长表现出明显的抑制作用。已经进行了密度泛函理论(DFT)、分子对接、分子动力学模拟和药物代谢及毒性预测(ADMET)协议的计算,这些对于描述相互作用和稳定性至关重要。在腙衍生物中,胺、羟基、噻吩和吲哚等基团与精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸和天冬氨酸等氨基酸形成氢键和静电相互作用。这些相互作用对于评估化合物的稳定性及其抑制酶活性的潜力至关重要。结果表明该化合物在活性位点表现出强结合力和稳定性,使其成为作为抗结肠癌药物进一步研究的有前途的候选物。