Cohen Athena, Kim Chung Yoh, Raeburn Kazzara, Bubb Kathleen, Tabira Yoko, Iwanaga Joe, Tubbs R Shane
Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Anat Cell Biol. 2025 Mar 31;58(1):1-7. doi: 10.5115/acb.24.202. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline "24-12-6" is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios. Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.
筛孔位于眶内侧壁沿额筛缝处，是涉及眶内侧壁手术的关键解剖标志。本综述旨在回顾筛孔的手术解剖，包括其胚胎学和放射学。虽然额筛缝大多有两个孔通过，但也有单孔或多达六个孔的报道。这些孔为筛动脉和神经提供通道，它们是眼动脉和神经的分支。手术指南“24 - 12 - 6”基于泪前嵴、前后筛动脉和视神经管之间的大致距离，常用于该区域的导航。然而，来自不同人群的一些研究定义了不同的比例。在胚胎学上，筛孔由膜内骨化的额骨和软骨内骨化的筛骨结合形成。即使在3毫米的断层间隔中，在计算机断层扫描中也能识别筛孔和神经血管结构。对筛孔的全面解剖学理解将有助于临床医生改进手术指南并最终降低并发症风险。
