语义记忆、创伤性脑损伤与冰山效应：表面之下可能存在哪些缺陷？
Semantic Memory, Traumatic Brain Injury, and the Iceberg Effect: What Deficits May Lie Below the Surface?
作者信息
McCurdy Ryan A, Duff Melissa C
机构信息
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
出版信息
Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2025 Jun 26;34(3S):1878-1895. doi: 10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00145. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this viewpoint was to advocate for increased study of semantic memory ability in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
METHOD
We review modern conceptualizations of semantic memory and its neural correlates and discuss how common neuroanatomical and cognitive deficits in TBI place this population at an increased risk for semantic disruption. Building on discussions at the 2024 International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference, we offer possible explanations for how these disruptions may have been overlooked by our field and offer examples of how semantic memory has been studied in other populations as well as how this work may apply to TBI research.
RESULT
Semantic memory is critical for academic, vocational, and interpersonal outcomes. Yet, little is known about semantic memory in TBI beyond naming ability. By examining only surface forms of semantic memory, we may be missing a deeper disruption in semantic structure.
CONCLUSION
More in-depth examination of semantic memory promises to uncover underlying mechanisms of cognitive-communication disorders and new opportunities to develop more sensitive clinical measures of semantic memory impairment.
目的
本观点的目的是倡导加强对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者语义记忆能力的研究。
方法
我们回顾了语义记忆及其神经关联的现代概念，并讨论了TBI常见的神经解剖学和认知缺陷如何使该人群面临语义破坏风险增加的情况。基于2024年国际认知-交流障碍会议上的讨论，我们对这些破坏可能如何被我们这个领域忽视提供了可能的解释，并给出了语义记忆在其他人群中的研究实例，以及这项工作如何应用于TBI研究的例子。
结果
语义记忆对学业、职业和人际交流结果至关重要。然而，除了命名能力外，我们对TBI患者的语义记忆知之甚少。仅通过检查语义记忆的表面形式，我们可能会忽略语义结构中更深层次的破坏。
结论
对语义记忆进行更深入的研究有望揭示认知-交流障碍的潜在机制，以及开发更敏感的语义记忆损伤临床测量方法的新机会。
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