Katsenovich Yelena, Tansel Berrin, Soares Quinete Natalia, Nasir Zariah, Ocheje Joshua Omaojo, Manzano Maria Mendoza
Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 10555 W Flagler St, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 20;957:177777. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177777. Epub 2024 Dec 2.
Batch leaching experiments were conducted to evaluate the release of forty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from sludge samples collected after thickening, anaerobic digestion, and dewatering processes at two wastewater treatment plants. The South District wastewater treatment plant (SDWWTP), which receives domestic wastewater and landfill leachate from a nearby landfill, and the Central District wastewater treatment plant (CDWWTP), which receives only domestic wastewater, were selected for this study. PFAS released into the aqueous phase were analyzed by sacrificial sampling after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. Results demonstrated rapid PFAS leaching, with the highest levels detected in biosolid leachates after just one day. Distinct differences were observed in PFAS composition and concentrations between the two treatment plants. Of the forty PFAS measured, nineteen were detected, with higher concentrations identified at SDWWTP. The input of landfill leachate to SDWWTP appears to have significantly contributed to the elevated levels of specific PFAS, particularly long-chain compounds, compared to the emerging short-chain PFAS found in biosolids. In addition to PFAS analysis, the compositions of the sludge samples, including total and volatile solids, protein, phosphorus (P), iron, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium, were also assessed. Spearman correlation analyses revealed moderate to strong relationships between PFAS levels in leachate and certain sludge components. For instance, correlations between P content and PFCAs and FTCAs were moderate (R = 0.45-0.76). In thickener sludge leachate, strong correlations were observed for FPrPA (3:3 FTCA), PFDA, and PFTrDA with P, with R values of 0.60, 0.53, and 0.54, respectively. In the digested sludge, correlations were found for PFHpA, PFDA, and PFNA (R = 0.45-0.76). Also, for digested sludge leachate, strong correlations were found between the individual compounds PFHpA, PFHxA, PFNA, PFOA, and PFPeA (R = 0.60-0.88). Predominant PFAS in leachate from biosolids were identified, including PFOS, FPePA (5:3 FTCA), PFPeA, PFBA, PFHxA, N-EtFOSAA, and 6-2 FTS.
进行了批量浸出实验，以评估从两个污水处理厂的浓缩、厌氧消化和脱水过程后收集的污泥样品中40种全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的释放情况。本研究选取了接收生活污水和附近垃圾填埋场渗滤液的南区污水处理厂（SDWWTP），以及仅接收生活污水的中区污水处理厂（CDWWTP）。在1、3、7、14和30天后通过牺牲性采样分析释放到水相中的PFAS。结果表明PFAS浸出迅速，仅一天后在生物固体渗滤液中检测到的水平最高。在两个处理厂之间观察到PFAS组成和浓度存在明显差异。在所测量的40种PFAS中，检测到19种，在SDWWTP中鉴定出的浓度更高。与生物固体中发现的新兴短链PFAS相比，垃圾填埋场渗滤液输入到SDWWTP似乎显著导致了特定PFAS水平的升高，特别是长链化合物。除了PFAS分析外，还评估了污泥样品的组成，包括总固体和挥发性固体、蛋白质、磷（P）、铁、铝、钙和镁。Spearman相关性分析揭示了渗滤液中PFAS水平与某些污泥成分之间存在中度到强的关系。例如，P含量与全氟羧酸（PFCAs）和全氟硫代羧酸（FTCAs）之间的相关性为中度（R = 0.45 - 0.76）。在浓缩池污泥渗滤液中，观察到全氟丙基膦酸（3:3 FTCA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟十三烷酸（PFTrDA）与P之间存在强相关性，R值分别为0.60、0.53和0.54。在消化污泥中，发现全氟庚酸（PFHpA）、PFDA和全氟萘酸（PFNA）之间存在相关性（R = （0.45 - 0.76）。此外，对于消化污泥渗滤液，发现单个化合物PFHpA、全氟己酸（PFHxA）、PFNA、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟戊酸（PFPeA）之间存在强相关性（R = 0.60 - 0.88）。确定了生物固体渗滤液中的主要PFAS，包括全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟戊基膦酸（5:3 FTCA）、PFPeA、全氟丁酸（PFBA）、PFHxA、N - 乙基全氟辛烷磺酸酰胺（N - EtFOSAA）和6 - 2 FTS。
