Stenram A, Malmfors G, Okmian L
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1986 Mar;75(2):321-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1986.tb10207.x.
A follow-up study including all boys (n = 117) operated with circumcision for phimosis during 1976 was performed. Most patients were operated on an outpatient basis. Early complications like bleeding or infection were few and mild. In 13 cases there was a postoperative stricture of the urethral orifice which had to be widened. Five patients had complaints about the cosmetic result. Eight boys expressed shyness and unwillingness to undress in school gym. In no instance were there any signs of a more serious psychological disorder. The operative indications are discussed and it is concluded that worried parents of boys with phimosis can be safely advised to have their boys circumcised if the prepuce is scarred or there has been recurrent balanitis, or if the boy has reached school age and the foreskin is still unretractable.
对1976年因包茎接受包皮环切手术的所有男孩（n = 117）进行了一项随访研究。大多数患者在门诊进行手术。出血或感染等早期并发症很少且症状较轻。有13例出现尿道口术后狭窄，需要进行扩张。5名患者对外观效果不满意。8名男孩表示在学校体育馆脱衣服时会害羞和不愿意。没有出现任何更严重心理障碍的迹象。文中讨论了手术指征，并得出结论：如果包茎男孩的包皮有瘢痕形成、反复出现龟头炎，或者男孩已到学龄但包皮仍无法上翻，那么可以放心地建议担心的家长让男孩接受包皮环切手术。
