López Martínez R, Ruiz Sánchez D, Guadalupe Huerta J, Esquenaze A, Alvarez M T
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1986 Jan-Feb;14(1):43-8.
The presence of mycotic flora in atmospheric medium has always been an interesting field for allergologists and ecologists interested in the problems of environmental contamination. In 1904 Saito in Japan demonstrated that certain spores of fungus when inhaled by susceptible individuals can produce severe respiratory processes. Since then many studies have been performed to determine the generic and species of causative fungus responsible for respiratory allergy, as well to understand its growth, movement and seasonal variations and its relation with the habits of man. Fungi which may produce allergy were investigated in 6 zones of the south of Mexico City, from November, 1981 to October, 1982. In each zone 108 samples were taken. Petri dishes containing Sabouraud medium were exposed during 10 minutes. The number of colonies per Petri dish; 27.6 per cent of the micro-organisms isolated corresponded to allergy producing fungi. The highest frequency of fungal isolation (6,512 colonies) was obtained in summer and the least (1,397 colonies) during winter. The principal genera isolated were: Rhodotorula: 2,418 (16.7%); Phialophora: 2,071 (14.4%); Penicillium: 743 (5.1%); Alternaria: 111 (0.7%). The most frequent species of the Aspergillus were: A. niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The paper discusses the importance of the different factors which can influence the frequency and the seasonal variations of these fungi.
大气介质中霉菌菌群的存在，一直是对环境污染问题感兴趣的过敏症专科医生和生态学家所关注的一个有趣领域。1904年，日本的斋藤证明，某些真菌孢子被易感个体吸入后可引发严重的呼吸道病变。从那时起，人们开展了许多研究，以确定引发呼吸道过敏的致病真菌的属和种，同时了解其生长、传播和季节性变化以及它与人类生活习惯的关系。1981年11月至1982年10月，在墨西哥城南部的6个区域对可能引发过敏的真菌进行了调查。在每个区域采集了108份样本。装有沙氏培养基的培养皿暴露10分钟。每个培养皿中的菌落数；分离出的微生物中有27.6% 属于可引发过敏的真菌。真菌分离频率最高（6512个菌落）的是在夏季，最低（1397个菌落）的是在冬季。分离出的主要菌属有：红酵母属：2418个（16.7%）；瓶霉属：2071个（14.4%）；青霉属：743个（5.1%）；链格孢属：111个（0.7%）。曲霉属中最常见的菌种有：黑曲霉、烟曲霉和黄曲霉。本文讨论了可能影响这些真菌的频率和季节性变化的不同因素的重要性。
