Wu Hai-Xin, Sun Yu-Yu, Liu Gui-Jian, Li Feng-Ming, Yi Zhi-Hao, Zhang Ning, Wang Guan-Yu
School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Dec 8;45(12):7049-7059. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202311197.
Chaohu Lake is the fifth largest freshwater lake in China that meets the needs of surrounding industries for water, tourism, and flood storage, making it important for the socio-economic development and modernization of Anhui Province. As an important ecological wetland in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, many rare bird habitats are present along the coast of Chaohu Lake. Therefore, it is eco-economically important to study antibiotic pollution in Chaohu Lake. To unveil antibiotic contamination in Chaohu Lake, surface water and sediment samples were collected from the main basin of Chaohu Lake by steamship in June 2022. Solid phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （SPE-UPLC-MS） was used to determine the occurrence of 31 target antibiotics, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and quinolones. The study focused on the spatial distribution, source analysis, and risk assessment of various antibiotics in the surface water and sediments of the main basin of Chaohu Lake. The occurrences of 20 different antibiotics were successively identified in the surface water and sediments of Chaohu Lake. These antibiotics included sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and others. Significant spatial differences in antibiotics were found between surface water and sediments. The horizontal spatial distribution results indicated differences in species and concentration of antibiotics in surface water and sediments. The vertical spatial distribution results showed that many types of antibiotics had consistent vertical distribution characteristics in surface water and sediments at the same point. The principal component analysis results indicated that the source of antibiotics in surface water was similar to that in sediment and considered with the actual distribution of existing industries around Chaohu Lake； the main sources were livestock and poultry breeding sewage, aquaculture sewage, and household sewage. The ecological risk quotient （RQ） results indicated that norfloxacin in the surface water of Chaohu Lake posed a high risk to algae （RQ > 1）, while sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline posed a medium risk to algae （0.1 ≤ RQ < 1）. The health risk quotient （HRQ） showed that the risk of exposure to antibiotics through drinking water was very low （HRQ < 0.01）. Our findings provide scientific support for decision makers to control antibiotic pollution and reduce the management costs of antibiotic watershed pollution.
巢湖是中国第五大淡水湖，满足了周边产业对水、旅游和蓄洪的需求，对安徽省的社会经济发展和现代化建设具有重要意义。作为长江下游重要的生态湿地，巢湖沿岸存在许多珍稀鸟类栖息地。因此，研究巢湖的抗生素污染具有生态经济意义。为揭示巢湖的抗生素污染情况，2022年6月通过轮船从巢湖主湖区采集了地表水和沉积物样本。采用固相萃取和超高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用技术（SPE - UPLC - MS）测定了31种目标抗生素的存在情况，包括四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类。该研究聚焦于巢湖主湖区地表水和沉积物中各种抗生素的空间分布、源分析及风险评估。在巢湖的地表水和沉积物中相继鉴定出20种不同抗生素的存在。这些抗生素包括磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、四环素类等。地表水和沉积物中的抗生素存在显著的空间差异。水平空间分布结果表明地表水和沉积物中抗生素的种类和浓度存在差异。垂直空间分布结果显示，许多类型的抗生素在同一点的地表水和沉积物中具有一致的垂直分布特征。主成分分析结果表明，地表水和沉积物中抗生素的来源相似，并结合巢湖周边现有产业的实际分布情况；主要来源是畜禽养殖污水、水产养殖污水和生活污水。生态风险商（RQ）结果表明，巢湖地表水中的诺氟沙星对藻类构成高风险（RQ > 1），而磺胺甲恶唑和强力霉素对藻类构成中等风险（0.1 ≤ RQ < 1）。健康风险商（HRQ）表明，通过饮用水接触抗生素的风险非常低（HRQ < 0.01）。我们的研究结果为决策者控制抗生素污染和降低抗生素流域污染管理成本提供了科学依据。
