Yu Gao, Zhao Shi-Long, Feng Shun-Mei, Sun Yue-Bing, Chen Fen
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China.
Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Tianjin 300191, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2024 Dec 8;45(12):7337-7349. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202401001.
To investigate the intrinsic driving mechanism of citrus yield and quality enhancement under different fertilizer applications, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar （SW）, organic fertilizer （YJ）, farmyard manure （NJ）, chemical fertilizer （HF）, and no fertilizer as the control （CK） on soil physical and chemical properties, bacterial community characteristics, and citrus quality of citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The results showed that compared with those in the CK treatment, the yield, single fruit weight, edible rate, juice rate, vitamin C content, and soluble solids of citrus increased under the different fertilization treatments. In contrast, the titratable acid content of citrus decreased, resulting in an increase in the solid-acid ratio of citrus. Among the different fertilization treatments, the most significant effective treatment was SW. The SW and YJ treatments significantly increased the soil pH value, while the HF treatment decreased soil pH. Different fertilization treatments could increase the contents of soil organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The SW treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. The YJ treatment exhibited the most obvious effect on the soil organic matter content. The different fertilization treatments significantly affected soil bacterial community diversity and community structure, among which the SW treatment significantly increased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Shannon index； optimized soil bacterial community structure； and made the bacterial symbiotic network simple and stable. By contrast, the HF treatment significantly decreased the soil Chao1 index, observed species index, and Simpson index and had less effect on bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis showed that soil available potassium （96.47%）, Chao1 index （73.80%）, and （55.92%） were the key factors in improving citrus yield and quality. Variance decomposition analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community structure was the largest contributor （17.00%） to the improvement in citrus yield and quality. In conclusion, fertilization can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil nutrient supply level, optimize bacterial community structure, and improve citrus yield and quality. Of these, biochar can be used as a priority for the fertilization and improvement of the soil in citrus orchards in the yellow soil area of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.
为探究不同施肥条件下柑橘产量和品质提升的内在驱动机制，开展了田间试验，研究生物炭（SW）、有机肥（YJ）、农家肥（NJ）、化肥（HF）以及不施肥作为对照（CK）对云贵高原黄壤地区柑橘园土壤理化性质、细菌群落特征及柑橘品质的影响。结果表明，与CK处理相比，不同施肥处理下柑橘的产量、单果重、可食率、出汁率、维生素C含量和可溶性固形物均有所增加。相反，柑橘的可滴定酸含量降低，导致柑橘固酸比增加。在不同施肥处理中，最显著有效的处理是SW。SW和YJ处理显著提高了土壤pH值，而HF处理降低了土壤pH值。不同施肥处理均可增加土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量。SW处理对土壤水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的影响最为明显。YJ处理对土壤有机质含量的影响最为明显。不同施肥处理显著影响土壤细菌群落多样性和群落结构，其中SW处理显著提高了土壤Chao1指数、观测物种指数和香农指数；优化了土壤细菌群落结构；使细菌共生网络简单稳定。相比之下，HF处理显著降低了土壤Chao1指数、观测物种指数和辛普森指数，对细菌群落结构的影响较小。冗余分析表明，土壤速效钾（96.47%）、Chao1指数（73.80%）和（55.92%）是提高柑橘产量和品质的关键因素。方差分解分析表明，土壤细菌群落结构对柑橘产量和品质提升的贡献最大（17.00%）。综上所述，施肥可有效改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤养分供应水平，优化细菌群落结构，提升柑橘产量和品质。其中，生物炭可优先用于云贵高原黄壤地区柑橘园土壤的施肥和改良。
