Hong Seohyun, Son Yejun, Lee Myeongcheol, Lee Jun Hyuk, Park Jaeyu, Lee Hayeon, Dragioti Elena, Fond Guillaume, Boyer Laurent, López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe, Smith Lee, Tully Mark A, Rahmati Masoud, Choi Yong Sung, Lee Young Joo, Yeo Seung Geun, Woo Selin, Yon Dong Keon
Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea, 82 2 6935 2476, 82 504 478 0201.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Nov 1;10:e56989. doi: 10.2196/56989.
The imperative arises to study the impact of socioeconomic factors on the acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccines amid changes in immunization policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
To enhance targeted public health strategies and improve age-specific policies based on identified risk factors, this study investigated the associations between sociodemographic factors and vaccination behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, with emphasis on age-specific vaccine cost policies.
This study analyzed data from the Korean Community Health Survey 2019-2022 with 507,964 participants to investigate the impact of age-specific policies on vaccination behaviors during the pandemic period. Cohorts aged 19-64 years and 65 years or older were stratified based on age (years), sociodemographic factors, and health indicators. The cohorts were investigated to assess the influence of relevant risk factors on vaccine acceptance under the pandemic by using weighted odds ratio and ratio of odds ratio (ROR).
Among 507,964 participants, the acceptance of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (COVID-19 vaccine) was higher among individuals with factors possibly indicating higher socioeconomic status, such as higher education level (age 19-64 years: ROR 1.34; 95% CI 1.27-1.40 and age ≥65 years: ROR 1.19; 95% CI 1.01-1.41) and higher income (age 19-64 years: ROR 1.67; 95% CI 1.58-1.76 and age ≥65 years: ROR 1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.38) for both age cohorts compared to influenza vaccine acceptance before the pandemic. In the context of influenza vaccination during the pandemic, the older cohort exhibited vaccine hesitancy associated with health care mobility factors such as lower general health status (ROR 0.89; 95% CI 0.81-0.97).
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies should focus on reducing hesitancy among individuals with lower social participation. To improve influenza vaccine acceptance during the pandemic, strategies for the younger cohort should focus on individuals with lower social participation, while efforts for the older cohort should prioritize individuals with limited access to health care services.
在新冠疫情期间免疫政策发生变化的背景下，有必要研究社会经济因素对接受新冠病毒疫苗和流感疫苗的影响。
为了加强有针对性的公共卫生策略，并根据已确定的风险因素改进特定年龄段的政策，本研究调查了新冠疫情期间社会人口因素与疫苗接种行为之间的关联，重点关注特定年龄段的疫苗成本政策。
本研究分析了2019 - 2022年韩国社区健康调查中507,964名参与者的数据，以调查特定年龄段政策对疫情期间疫苗接种行为的影响。将19 - 64岁和65岁及以上的队列按年龄（岁）、社会人口因素和健康指标进行分层。通过使用加权比值比和比值比（ROR）来研究这些队列，以评估疫情下相关风险因素对疫苗接受度的影响。
在507,964名参与者中，与可能表明社会经济地位较高的因素相关的个体，如较高的教育水平（19 - 64岁：ROR 1.34；95% CI 1.27 - 1.40；65岁及以上：ROR 1.19；95% CI 1.01 - 1.41）和较高的收入（19 - 64岁：ROR 1.67；95% CI 1.58 - 1.76；65岁及以上：ROR 1.21；95% CI 1.06 - 1.38），与疫情前流感疫苗接种情况相比，这两个年龄段队列的新冠病毒疫苗（新冠疫苗）接种率更高。在疫情期间流感疫苗接种的背景下，老年队列表现出与医疗保健流动性因素相关的疫苗犹豫，如总体健康状况较差（ROR 0.89；95% CI 0.81 - 0.97）。
新冠病毒疫苗接种策略应侧重于减少社会参与度较低个体的犹豫情绪。为了提高疫情期间流感疫苗的接种率，针对年轻队列的策略应侧重于社会参与度较低的个体，而针对老年队列的努力应优先考虑获得医疗保健服务机会有限的个体。
