Li Shuting, Kempe Matthias, Lemmink Koen A P M
Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 Dec 4;20(1):120-130. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0032. Print 2025 Jan 1.
This study explored endurance athletes' and coaches' views on recovery strategies, focusing on their use across competition levels, perceived importance and effectiveness, and common barriers.
Endurance athletes (26.6% international, 35.7% national, 28.7% regional, and 9.1% other levels; mean experience 10.04 [7.84] y, n = 143) and coaches (mean experience 17.45 [12.44] y, n = 20) completed an online survey on frequency of usage, perceived importance, effectiveness, and common barriers of 25 recovery strategies. Data were coded and analyzed thematically. A Fisher exact test (P < .05) was conducted on 5-point Likert-scale responses.
Predominant strategies among athletes were hydration, hot showers, and carbohydrate (mean scores 4.62 [0.60], 4.32 [0.82], and 4.17 [0.87]). Only antioxidants showed significant variation in use across levels (P = .033). Coaches favored warm-down/cooling (4.56 [0.62]), hydration (4.41 [0.80]), and extra protein (4.12 [0.70]). Both groups ranked hydration as most important and effective. Athletes ranked extra protein and warm-down/cooling second and third, while coaches considered extra sleep/naps, warm-down/cooling, and extra protein equally important. Barriers of both populations included insufficient time (14.41%), limited knowledge (13.72%), lack of resources (12.63%), and skepticism regarding benefits and effectiveness (12.63%).
Athletes show no significant differences in recovery choices based on competitive level, except for antioxidants. Coaches and athletes have partially different views on effective recovery. Furthermore, a lack of time, as well as a lack of (shared) knowledge and education, hinders the effective implementation of recovery strategies for athletes.
本研究探讨耐力运动员和教练对恢复策略的看法，重点关注其在不同竞赛水平上的使用情况、感知的重要性和有效性以及常见障碍。
耐力运动员（国际水平占26.6%，国家水平占35.7%，地区水平占28.7%，其他水平占9.1%；平均经验10.04[7.84]年，n = 143）和教练（平均经验17.45[12.44]年，n = 20）完成了一项关于25种恢复策略的使用频率、感知重要性、有效性和常见障碍的在线调查。对数据进行编码并进行主题分析。对5点李克特量表的回答进行了Fisher精确检验（P < 0.05）。
运动员中主要的恢复策略是补水、热水淋浴和碳水化合物（平均得分分别为4.62[0.60]、4.32[0.82]和4.17[0.87]）。只有抗氧化剂在不同水平的使用上有显著差异（P = 0.033）。教练更倾向于放松/冷却（4.56[0.62]）、补水（4.41[0.80]）和额外补充蛋白质（4.12[0.70]）。两组都将补水列为最重要和最有效的策略。运动员将额外补充蛋白质和放松/冷却分别列为第二和第三重要的策略，而教练认为额外睡眠/小睡、放松/冷却和额外补充蛋白质同样重要。两组人群面临的障碍包括时间不足（14.41%）、知识有限（13.72%）、资源缺乏（12.63%）以及对益处和有效性的怀疑（12.63%）。
除抗氧化剂外，运动员在恢复选择上基于竞赛水平没有显著差异。教练和运动员对有效恢复的看法部分不同。此外，时间不足以及缺乏（共享的）知识和教育阻碍了运动员有效实施恢复策略。
