Liu Na, Guan Mengxin, Ma Baozhan, Chu Hao, Tian Guangxiang, Zhang Yanyan, Li Chuang, Zheng Wenming, Wang Xu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046 Zhengzhou, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450046 Zhengzhou, China; Center of Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, 450046 Zhengzhou, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jan;285:138216. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138216. Epub 2024 Dec 2.
DNA serves as the carrier of genetic information, with sequence variations playing a pivotal role in defining hereditary traits. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) facilitate the investigation of the links between genetic variations and phenotypes, significantly influencing biological research, particularly in animal and plant pathology. By identifying genetic markers associated with specific traits or diseases, GWAS enhances our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and improves disease-resistant breeding strategies. It has been vital in revealing the genetic basis of disease resistance, pinpointing key genes and DNA loci, which enrich genetic resources for breeding programs and deepen our knowledge of disease resistance mechanisms at the DNA level. Additionally, GWAS contributes to pathogen population genetics, facilitating a thorough exploration of pathogen virulence. Integrating GWAS with marker-assisted selection enhances breeding efficiency and precision in selecting for disease-resistant traits. While previous research has largely focused on host genetics, the genetic variation of pathogens is equally significant. Notably, reports integrating animal and plant pathosystems are still lacking. Given the importance of these systems, this review summarizes key advancements in this field, addresses current challenges, and proposes future directions, thereby offering a vital reference for ongoing research.
DNA作为遗传信息的载体，序列变异在决定遗传性状方面起着关键作用。全基因组关联研究（GWAS）有助于研究遗传变异与表型之间的联系，对生物学研究，特别是动物和植物病理学研究产生了重大影响。通过识别与特定性状或疾病相关的遗传标记，GWAS增进了我们对宿主-病原体相互作用的理解，并改进了抗病育种策略。它在揭示抗病性的遗传基础、确定关键基因和DNA位点方面至关重要，这些为育种计划丰富了遗传资源，并在DNA水平上加深了我们对抗病机制的认识。此外，GWAS有助于病原体群体遗传学研究，促进对病原体毒力的全面探索。将GWAS与标记辅助选择相结合可提高抗病性状选择的育种效率和准确性。虽然以往的研究主要集中在宿主遗传学上，但病原体的遗传变异同样重要。值得注意的是，整合动物和植物病理系统的报告仍然缺乏。鉴于这些系统的重要性，本综述总结了该领域的关键进展，探讨了当前的挑战，并提出了未来的方向，从而为正在进行的研究提供了重要参考。
