Xu Jun, Lei Chuanyi, Zhu Wei
MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
Chembiochem. 2025 Apr 14;26(8):e202400827. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202400827. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions represent a cornerstone of clinical practice, with RBCs constituting the primary component in transfusion therapy. Extending the preservation of RBCs while maintaining their functional integrity would offer considerable advancements for both transfusion medicine and military healthcare. Despite decades of research, progress in achieving long-term RBC preservation has been limited. A key challenge is the range of physical and biochemical damage RBCs incur during storage, leading to marked changes in their morphology, physiological function, and viability. While traditional preservation techniques have provided partial mitigation of these damages, their efficacy remains suboptimal. In contrast, nanomaterials, with their distinctive spatial architectures and surface properties, offer a promising avenue for minimizing storage-related damage and extending RBC preservation. This review provides an overview of the major categories of damage encountered during RBC biopreservation, classified into storage lesions and cryolesions. We also highlight the key role of nanomaterials in enhancing the storage quality of RBCs and prolonging their preservation duration. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and pressing issues faced by nanomaterial-based RBCs biopreservation.
红细胞（RBC）输血是临床实践的基石，红细胞是输血治疗的主要成分。在保持红细胞功能完整性的同时延长其保存时间，将为输血医学和军事医疗带来重大进展。尽管经过了数十年的研究，但在实现红细胞长期保存方面取得的进展仍然有限。一个关键挑战是红细胞在储存过程中遭受的一系列物理和生化损伤，导致其形态、生理功能和活力发生显著变化。虽然传统的保存技术在一定程度上减轻了这些损伤，但其效果仍不尽人意。相比之下，纳米材料具有独特的空间结构和表面性质，为最大限度地减少与储存相关的损伤和延长红细胞保存时间提供了一条有前景的途径。本文综述了红细胞生物保存过程中遇到的主要损伤类别，分为储存损伤和冷冻损伤。我们还强调了纳米材料在提高红细胞储存质量和延长其保存时间方面的关键作用。最后，我们讨论了基于纳米材料的红细胞生物保存目前面临的挑战和紧迫问题。
