Weiner M F, Crowder J D
Am J Psychother. 1986 Jan;40(1):17-25. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1986.40.1.17.
Patients who have a concrete cognitive style are psychotherapeutically best treated by methods that take into account their cognitive style, whether it is defensive or results from a cognitive developmental arrest. Concrete thinking, while an obstacle to insight-oriented therapy, is no obstacle to changing attitudes and behaviors by means that do not involve the development of insight into unconscious conflict or motivation.
具有具体认知风格的患者，从心理治疗角度来看，最好采用考虑到其认知风格的方法进行治疗，无论这种认知风格是防御性的，还是由认知发展停滞导致的。具体思维虽然是洞察导向疗法的障碍，但对于通过不涉及洞察无意识冲突或动机的方式来改变态度和行为而言，却并非障碍。
