Lopes Bernardo T, Belin Michael W, Henriquez Maria A, Izquierdo Luis, Kohnen Thomas, Ambrosio Renato
Ophthalmology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Ophthalmology Department, Federal Univeristy of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 4;14(1):30226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81809-w.
Accurate detection of post-refractive ectasia susceptibility is essential during preoperative evaluation for laser vision correction (LVC) due to the risk of progressive corneal ectasia and vision decline post-surgery. Despite improved screening and a reduced incidence from 0.66 to 0.033%, iatrogenic ectasia remains a concern due to the severe vision loss it can cause, highlighting the need for more accurate detection tools. A new optimized version of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display version 4 (BAD-D v4) was developed and validated across 26 international centers to enhance the detection of keratoconus and very asymmetric ectasia and to assess the risk of post-refractive ectasia. Analyzing a dataset of 3,886 eyes from 3,351 patients, including normal, keratoconus (KC), and cases with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) categories, having one eye with normal topography (VAE-NT and the fellow eye with clinical ectasia (VAE-E). The study utilized an optimized logistic regression algorithm improving diagnostic accuracy. The BAD-D v4 showed superior efficacy in differentiating normal eyes from ectatic conditions, with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC) scores of 0.997 and 0.998 in training and testing samples for normal versus clinical ectasia. Additionally, in Normal vs. Disease (KC + VAE), the AUROC was 0.974 and 0.966, and in the challenging Normal vs. VAE-NT diverse group, it scored 0.905 and 0.858. These results outperformed the current version (BAD-D v3) and were comparable to the Pentacam Random Forest Index in all tested scenarios, highlighting the potential of BAD-D v4 in early ectasia detection, without altering the index scale or the end-user experience.
由于存在术后角膜扩张和视力下降的风险,在激光视力矫正(LVC)术前评估中准确检测屈光术后扩张易感性至关重要。尽管筛查有所改进,发病率从0.66%降至0.033%,但医源性扩张仍令人担忧,因为它可能导致严重视力丧失,这凸显了对更准确检测工具的需求。开发了Belin/Ambrósio增强型扩张显示版本4(BAD-D v4)的新优化版本,并在26个国际中心进行了验证,以加强圆锥角膜和非常不对称扩张的检测,并评估屈光术后扩张的风险。分析了来自3351例患者的3886只眼的数据集,包括正常、圆锥角膜(KC)和非常不对称扩张(VAE)类别,其中一只眼地形正常(VAE-NT),另一只眼有临床扩张(VAE-E)。该研究采用了优化的逻辑回归算法来提高诊断准确性。BAD-D v4在区分正常眼和扩张状态方面显示出卓越的功效,在正常与临床扩张的训练和测试样本中,受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)得分分别为0.997和0.998。此外,在正常与疾病(KC + VAE)中,AUROC为0.974和0.966,在具有挑战性的正常与VAE-NT不同组中,得分分别为0.905和0.858。这些结果优于当前版本(BAD-D v3),并且在所有测试场景中与Pentacam随机森林指数相当,突出了BAD-D v4在早期扩张检测中的潜力,而不会改变指数规模或最终用户体验。