Van Vleet Rachel, Chitwood Skyla, Hallman Victoria, Heffernan Megan, Fromknecht Catharine, O'Leary Meghan, Lin Yen, Hoyer Deborah
Author Affiliations: Public Health Department, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland (Mss Van Vleet, Chitwood, Hallman, Heffernan, Fromknecht, and O'Leary); and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, Washington, District of Columbia (Mss Lin and Hoyer).
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2025;31(3):440-446. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000002097. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
The Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) offer a select set of measurable objectives to help community-based organizations focus their efforts to improve health equity and reduce health disparities across the lifespan within the populations they serve. Disparities are observed across LHIs, including infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity, and reducing these disparities is a key strategy for improving health and well-being for all.
This study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) What programs and initiatives are organizations implementing to address the LHIs of focus - infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity? (2) How do organizations determine which programs and initiatives they will implement?
NORC conducted 9 qualitative interviews with Healthy People 2030 Champions, organizations dedicated to furthering Healthy People goals and objectives, who are working to address disparities within infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity through a variety of strategies, interventions, and programs.
Wraparound services, doula programs, and education and advocacy emerged as common strategies for addressing disparities in maternal and infant mortality. Organizations that are working to reduce household food insecurity and hunger implemented food pharmacies and support participant enrollment in federal food assistance programs. Interviewees shared strategies for determining programs to implement and continued program improvement including assessing community needs, leveraging partnerships, and measuring program success.
Healthy People Champion organizations are using several multidimensional strategies to address infant mortality, maternal mortality, and food insecurity in their communities. These strategies, and the community-based organizations that implement them, are critical for addressing disparities in priority health outcomes among the people who have the greatest need. These findings offer insights into how local communities are tackling national priorities and underscore opportunities for more rigorous evaluation to demonstrate progress toward addressing disparities in the LHIs.
《健康人民2030》的主要健康指标（LHIs）提供了一组可衡量的目标，以帮助社区组织集中精力改善健康公平性，并减少其服务人群在整个生命周期内的健康差异。在各项主要健康指标中都存在差异，包括婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率和粮食不安全问题，减少这些差异是改善所有人健康和福祉的关键策略。
本研究旨在回答以下研究问题：（1）各组织正在实施哪些计划和举措来解决重点关注的主要健康指标——婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率和粮食不安全问题？（2）各组织如何确定将实施哪些计划和举措？
美国国家民意研究中心（NORC）对《健康人民2030》的倡导者进行了9次定性访谈，这些倡导者是致力于推进《健康人民》目标的组织，他们正通过各种策略、干预措施和计划来解决婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率和粮食不安全方面的差异问题。
综合服务、导乐计划以及教育与宣传成为解决母婴死亡率差异的常见策略。致力于减少家庭粮食不安全和饥饿问题的组织实施了食品药房，并支持参与者加入联邦食品援助计划。受访者分享了确定实施计划以及持续改进计划的策略，包括评估社区需求、利用伙伴关系以及衡量计划的成功程度。
《健康人民》倡导者组织正在使用多种多维度策略来解决其社区中的婴儿死亡率、孕产妇死亡率和粮食不安全问题。这些策略以及实施这些策略的社区组织，对于解决最有需求人群在优先健康结果方面的差异至关重要。这些发现为当地社区如何应对国家优先事项提供了见解，并强调了进行更严格评估以证明在解决主要健康指标差异方面取得进展的机会。
