Cascales-Martínez Andrea, López-Ros Paloma, Pina David, Cánovas-Pallares Juan Manuel, López López Reyes, Puente-López Esteban, Piserra Bolaños Carlos
University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Dec 5;19(12):e0314932. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0314932. eCollection 2024.
Workplace violence is a relevant social problem due to its high prevalence and serious consequences. A quarter of workplace violence occurs in the healthcare sector. Evidence shows differences among professionals, with emergency department workers being especially vulnerable, presenting a higher risk of suffering mental and physical health problems, as well as threats to their professional and social integrity.
To explore the frequency with which emergency department professionals are exposed to user violence and violence by their own coworkers; as well as to analyze the differences between different professionals in exposure to violence in the workplace and some of its most studied consequences such as burnout, job satisfaction, engagement, and general health.
A descriptive comparative study was carried out with a sample of 120 emergency department workers from three hospitals in Alicante. The majority were healthcare professionals (84.2%), women (61.7%), obtaining a mean age of 41.8 years (SD = 10.8). Sociodemographic and occupational variables, user violence, violence among colleagues and superiors, general health, burnout, engagement, and job satisfaction were evaluated.
A high prevalence of both physical and non-physical user violence in the healthcare setting was observed, especially affecting nursing and administrative assistants. In addition, significant differences were identified between professionals in terms of non-physical user violence, burnout, engagement, and job satisfaction. Administrative staff suffer greater non-physical user violence, while nursing assistants show higher levels of engagement. Regarding job satisfaction, nurses report higher intrinsic satisfaction. Medical staff, nurses and nursing assistants show higher levels of extrinsic satisfaction compared to administrative staff.
Our results are consistent with other studies in which a relationship between exposure to violence and job satisfaction is observed. In addition, administrative staff appear to be the professionals most exposed to violence from both patients and coworkers. These results provide evidence for future research focused on improving the work environment and health of emergency department professionals.
工作场所暴力是一个重要的社会问题，因其高发生率和严重后果。四分之一的工作场所暴力发生在医疗保健部门。有证据表明不同专业人员之间存在差异，急诊科工作人员尤其易受影响，面临更高的身心健康问题风险，以及对其职业和社会诚信的威胁。
探讨急诊科专业人员遭受患者暴力和同事暴力的频率；并分析不同专业人员在工作场所遭受暴力情况及其一些研究较多的后果（如职业倦怠、工作满意度、敬业度和总体健康状况）之间的差异。
对阿利坎特市三家医院的120名急诊科工作人员进行了描述性比较研究。大多数是医疗保健专业人员（84.2%），女性（61.7%），平均年龄为41.8岁（标准差 = 10.8）。评估了社会人口统计学和职业变量、患者暴力、同事和上级之间的暴力、总体健康状况、职业倦怠、敬业度和工作满意度。
在医疗环境中，身体暴力和非身体暴力的患者暴力发生率都很高，尤其影响到护理人员和行政助理。此外，在非身体暴力患者暴力、职业倦怠、敬业度和工作满意度方面，不同专业人员之间存在显著差异。行政人员遭受的非身体暴力患者暴力更多，而护理助理的敬业度更高。关于工作满意度，护士报告的内在满意度更高。与行政人员相比，医务人员、护士和护理助理的外在满意度更高。
我们的结果与其他观察到暴力暴露与工作满意度之间关系的研究一致。此外，行政人员似乎是最容易遭受患者和同事暴力的专业人员。这些结果为未来旨在改善急诊科专业人员工作环境和健康状况的研究提供了证据。
