Evstratova Alesya, Diaz-Fernandez Belén, Lévesque Maxime, Avoli Massimo, Huberfeld Gilles
The subiculum has for a long time been neglected and solely considered as the output region of the hippocampus, conducting or relaying inputs to the entorhinal cortex. However, significant evidence does not support such a passive role. The subiculum is a three-layer cortex structured associated with highly organized substructures. Preeminent bursting neuronal behavior and local microcircuits favor the production of strong neuronal activities. All hippocampal rhythms such as theta, gamma, sharp-wave ripples, and ripples can be generated by the subiculum. As a result, the subiculum is an important limbic structure involved in spatial location and memory. The role of the subiculum in epilepsy was highlighted by studies on human postoperative tissues, showing that it is a major and autonomous site of genesis of epileptic interictal and ictal activities. In these studies, a leading role of interneurons in the buildup of epileptic activities was suggested, and chloride dysregulation leading to depolarizing and potentially excitatory effects of GABA signaling was unraveled. Evidence indicates that the subiculum not only anatomically “supports” hippocampal outputs, but that it also actively participates to the generation of epileptic activities in the temporal lobe.
长期以来，海马下脚一直被忽视，仅被视为海马的输出区域，传导或中继输入到内嗅皮质。然而，大量证据并不支持这种被动角色。海马下脚是一种三层皮质结构，与高度有组织的亚结构相关。卓越的爆发性神经元行为和局部微电路有利于产生强烈的神经元活动。海马下脚可以产生所有海马节律，如θ波、γ波、尖波涟漪和涟漪。因此，海马下脚是参与空间定位和记忆的重要边缘结构。对人类术后组织的研究突出了海马下脚在癫痫中的作用，表明它是癫痫发作间期和发作期活动产生的主要自主部位。在这些研究中，提示中间神经元在癫痫活动形成中起主导作用，并揭示了氯离子失调导致GABA信号的去极化和潜在兴奋作用。证据表明，海马下脚不仅在解剖学上“支持”海马输出，而且还积极参与颞叶癫痫活动的产生。
