Wang Zikai, Yun Shourong, An Yuli, Shu Liulingqian, Li Shunjin, Sun Kai, Zhang Wei
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 1;289:117433. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117433. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Fungicides effectively prevent and control crop diseases caused by microorganisms; however, they also unintentionally affect soil microorganisms and enzyme activity. This study conducted a meta-analysis of 73 published studies to investigate the effects of fungicide application concentration and duration on soil respiration, microbial diversity, and enzyme activity. Increasing the concentration of fungicide application significantly reduced soil basal respiration and microbial carbon, with inhibitory effects reaching 1.45 % and 7.37 %, respectively, at 5 times the recommended application rate. The application of fungicides significantly reduced the activities of alkaline phosphatase, neutral phosphatase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease, with the activities of alkaline phosphatase and urease decreasing by 15.43 % and 7.76 %, respectively. Additionally, the application of fungicides significantly reduced fungi, actinomycetes, Shannon index, Simpson index, and McIntosh index while not affecting bacterial diversity. When the fungicide concentration is at 0-1 times, 1-5 times, and > 5 times, the number of fungi decreases by 14.53 %, 19.91 %, and 33.81 %, respectively. Temporally, soil basal respiration and microbial carbon significantly declined in the first 0-21d after fungicide application, but no such inhibitory effect was observed after 21d. Even 56 days after using the fungicide, it inhibited the activities of alkaline phosphatase and catalase by 13.14 % and 7.13 %, respectively. As time after the application of fungicides increases, the number of fungi decreases significantly, while the number of actinomycetes gradually recovers. Overall, fungicides inhibit the abundance, diversity, and enzyme activity of soil microorganisms; however, precise control of fungicide dosage is essential to minimize their toxic effects on soil.
杀菌剂能有效预防和控制由微生物引起的作物病害；然而，它们也会无意地影响土壤微生物和酶活性。本研究对73项已发表的研究进行了荟萃分析，以调查杀菌剂施用量和施用持续时间对土壤呼吸、微生物多样性和酶活性的影响。增加杀菌剂施用量显著降低了土壤基础呼吸和微生物碳含量，在推荐施用量的5倍时，抑制率分别达到1.45%和7.37%。施用杀菌剂显著降低了碱性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶和脲酶的活性，碱性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性分别下降了15.43%和7.76%。此外，施用杀菌剂显著降低了真菌、放线菌、香农指数、辛普森指数和麦金托什指数，而对细菌多样性没有影响。当杀菌剂浓度为0 - 1倍、1 - 5倍和>5倍时，真菌数量分别减少14.53%、19.91%和33.81%。在时间上，施用杀菌剂后的前0 - 21天土壤基础呼吸和微生物碳显著下降，但21天后未观察到这种抑制作用。即使在使用杀菌剂56天后，它仍分别抑制碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性13.14%和7.13%。随着杀菌剂施用后时间的增加，真菌数量显著减少，而放线菌数量逐渐恢复。总体而言，杀菌剂会抑制土壤微生物的丰度、多样性和酶活性；然而，精确控制杀菌剂用量对于将其对土壤的毒性影响降至最低至关重要。
