Ghaderi Nik Maryam, Mahdavi Reza, Ghazi Shahab, Gholami Kourosh
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jan;104(1):104618. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104618. Epub 2024 Dec 2.
The present study evaluated the effects of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1αOHD) supplementation on performance, egg quality, gut morphology, serum metabolites, and bone characteristics of Lohman LSL-Lite laying hens. A total of 180 birds (110 weeks of age) were allocated according to a completely randomized design with five treatments. Each treatment had six replicates containing six hens each. The treatments consisted of basal diet with 2000 IU/kg vitamin D, basal diet supplemented with 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 μg/kg of 1αOHD. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 1αOHD increased the egg production (linear P = 0.002 and quadratic P = 0.009) and gross revenue (linear P = 0.042) whilst it decreased the abnormal eggs (linear P = 0.004 and quadratic P = 0.009) in aged laying hens. Similarly, it linearly and quadratically increased the shell thickness and eggshell strength (P < 0.001). Egg mass (linear P = 0.075) showed a tendency to increase with increasing dietary 1αOHD supplementation levels. The egg quality parameters, including Haugh unit, relative weight of albumen, yolk and eggshell were not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 1αOHD supplementation increased the serum levels of calcium (linear P = 0.003 and quadratic P = 0.011), albumin (linear P = 0.016 and quadratic P = 0.033), vitamin D (linear and quadratic P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase activity (linear P = 0.02) whilst the addition of 1αOHD decreased alkaline phosphatase activity (linear P = 0.003 and quadratic P = 0.011), without affecting the serum levels of phosphorus and aspartate aminotransferase activity (P > 0.05) in laying hens. In addition, the linear tendency to increase was observed (linear P = 0.062) in total protein. Dietary supplementation of 1αOHD increased the tibia diameter (linear P = 0.053), tibia calcium (linear P = 0.004 and quadratic P = 0.014) and tibia strength (linear and quadratic P < 0.001). The addition of 1αOHD did not affect the phosphorus and ash of the tibia (P > 0.05). Linear and quadratic responses were found for crypt depth (linear and quadratic P = 0.001) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (linear P = 0.004 and quadratic P = 0.010). The experimental treatments did not affect the jejunal villus height, villus width and villus surface area in aged laying hens (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that the inclusion of 1αOHD is beneficial, as it enhances egg production, profitability, eggshell thickness, and tibia quality while reducing the incidence of abnormal eggs during the later phase of egg production.
本研究评估了补充1α-羟基胆钙化醇（1αOHD）对罗曼LSL-Lite蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肠道形态、血清代谢物和骨骼特性的影响。总共180只110周龄的蛋鸡按照完全随机设计分为五个处理组。每个处理组有六个重复，每个重复包含六只母鸡。处理组包括含2000 IU/kg维生素D的基础日粮，以及分别添加1.5、3、4.5和6 μg/kg 1αOHD的基础日粮。结果表明，在老龄蛋鸡日粮中添加1αOHD可提高产蛋量（线性P = 0.002，二次项P = 0.009）和总收入（线性P = 0.042），同时减少畸形蛋数量（线性P = 0.004，二次项P = 0.009）。同样，它还能线性和二次性地增加蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度（P < 0.001）。随着日粮中1αOHD添加水平的增加，蛋重（线性P = 0.075）呈增加趋势。蛋品质参数，包括哈氏单位、蛋白、蛋黄和蛋壳的相对重量，不受处理组影响（P > 0.05）。此外，添加1αOHD可提高血清钙水平（线性P = 0.003，二次项P = 0.011）、白蛋白水平（线性P = 0.016，二次项P = 0.033）、维生素D水平（线性和二次项P < 0.001）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性（线性P = 0.02），同时降低碱性磷酸酶活性（线性P = 0.003，二次项P = 0.011），但不影响蛋鸡血清磷水平和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性（P > 0.05）。此外，总蛋白呈线性增加趋势（线性P = 0.062）。日粮添加1αOHD可增加胫骨直径（线性P = 0.053）、胫骨钙含量（线性P = 0.004，二次项P = 0.014）和胫骨强度（线性和二次项P < 0.001）。添加1αOHD不影响胫骨的磷和灰分含量（P > 0.05）。隐窝深度（线性和二次项P = 0.001）和绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（线性P = 0.004，二次项P = 0.010）呈现线性和二次响应。实验处理对老龄蛋鸡空肠绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和绒毛表面积没有影响（P > 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，添加1αOHD是有益的，因为它能提高产蛋量、盈利能力、蛋壳厚度和胫骨质量，同时降低产蛋后期畸形蛋的发生率。
