Esmaeili Hossein, Bagherzadeh-Kasmani Farzad, Khalaji Saeed, Younesi Hossein N, Ghazaghi Mahmood
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Zabol, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, 65719-95863, Malayer, Iran.
J Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 19;62:2025020. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.2025020. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to assess the joint impact of water salinity, KCO, vitamin D levels, and inclusion of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1αOHD3) on broiler tibiae. A total of 1200 one-day-old male Ross broiler chickens were given four different levels of vitamin D (2000, 5000, 7000, and 5000 IU + 20 µg/kg 1αOHD), three levels of water salinity (WS) (low, moderate, high), and two concentrations of KCO (0 and 2.5 g/kg). Supplementation with 1αOHD reduced body weight and increased the feed conversion ratio throughout the experimental period. Birds consuming water with low salinity up to 21 days of age presented significantly lower body weight and feed intake, but a higher feed conversion ratio. Water consumption was reduced by increasing WS during the first week, but increased during the grower and finisher periods. KCO lowered water consumption. Higher WS increased litter moisture by 35% and 27% at 14 and 28 days of age, along with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, but reduced plasma Ca, P, and K. Inclusion of KCO lowered plasma Ca, P, and ALP activity at 14 days, but increased plasma K. Apparent total tract retention (TTR) of P decreased by increasing D levels and adding 1αOHD on day 14. Increasing WS linearly decreased TTR of P on day 14 and TTR of Ca and P on day 28, causing a significant loss of tibia ash, Ca, and P. Tibial shear force was reduced by increasing dietary D on day 28. Tibial shear force and stress were decreased, while its elongation was improved, by increasing WS at 14 days of age. In conclusion, high WS lowered bird weight gain, increased water consumption and litter moisture, and reduced TTR of Ca and P, which significantly diminished tibia ash, Ca, and P, as well as tibial mechanical properties.
本研究旨在评估水盐度、氯化钾、维生素D水平以及添加1α-羟基胆钙化醇（1αOHD3）对肉鸡胫骨的联合影响。总共1200只1日龄雄性罗斯肉鸡被给予四种不同水平的维生素D（2000、5000、7000国际单位以及5000国际单位 + 20微克/千克1αOHD）、三种水盐度（WS）水平（低、中、高）以及两种氯化钾浓度（0和2.5克/千克）。在整个实验期内，添加1αOHD降低了体重并提高了饲料转化率。在21日龄前饮用低盐度水的鸡体重和采食量显著较低，但饲料转化率较高。在第一周，随着WS增加饮水量减少，但在生长育肥期饮水量增加。氯化钾降低了饮水量。较高的WS在14日龄和28日龄时使垫料湿度分别增加了35%和27%，同时增加了碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，但降低了血浆钙、磷和钾水平。添加氯化钾在14日龄时降低了血浆钙、磷和ALP活性，但增加了血浆钾水平。在第14天，随着维生素D水平的提高以及添加1αOHD，磷的表观全肠道留存率（TTR）降低。在第14天，WS的增加使磷的TTR呈线性下降，在第28天使钙和磷的TTR下降，导致胫骨灰分、钙和磷显著流失。在第28天，增加日粮维生素D降低了胫骨剪切力。在14日龄时，WS的增加降低了胫骨剪切力和应力，同时提高了胫骨伸长率。总之，高WS降低了鸡的体重增加，增加了饮水量和垫料湿度，并降低了钙和磷的TTR，这显著减少了胫骨灰分、钙和磷以及胫骨力学性能。
