Huang Chenyu, Cui Minrong, Li Tongxin, Zheng Conglai, Qiu Mengting, Shan Mei, Li Baotong, Zhang Luqing, Yu Yunlong, Fang Hua
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biology and Ecological Regulation of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Feb 15;484:136725. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136725. Epub 2024 Nov 30.
The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a serious issue in global agricultural production. However, understanding how these ARGs spread across different spatial scales, especially when exposed to both pesticides and antibiotics, has remained a challenge. Here, metagenomic assembly and binning methodologies were used to determine the spread pathway of ARGs in the soil-lettuce system under individual and combined exposure of fungicides (carbendazim and pyraclostrobin) and antibiotics (chlortetracycline and ciprofloxacin). These agrochemicals not only facilitated the spread of ARGs from soil to lettuce but also significantly elevated the risk of developing multi-antibiotic resistance among bacteria, especially to some antibiotic types (i.e. sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, quinolone, and tetracycline). ARGs could be migrated through distinct pathways, including both vertical and horizontal gene transfer, with plasmids playing a crucial role in facilitating the horizontal gene transfer. These transfer pathways have enabled key pathogenic bacteria belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea to acquire resistance and remain recalcitrant, posing the potential risk to crop health and food safety. In summary, our findings highlighted that fungicide and antibiotic could drive upward migration of ARGs in the soil-lettuce system and reduced the quality safety of agricultural products.
抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的出现和传播已成为全球农业生产中的一个严重问题。然而，了解这些ARGs如何在不同空间尺度上传播，尤其是在同时接触农药和抗生素的情况下，仍然是一个挑战。在此，利用宏基因组组装和分箱方法，确定了在杀菌剂（多菌灵和吡唑醚菌酯）和抗生素（金霉素和环丙沙星）单独及联合暴露下，ARGs在土壤-生菜系统中的传播途径。这些农用化学品不仅促进了ARGs从土壤向生菜的传播，还显著提高了细菌产生多重抗生素抗性的风险，尤其是对某些抗生素类型（即磺胺类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和四环素类）的抗性。ARGs可以通过不同途径迁移，包括垂直和水平基因转移，其中质粒在促进水平基因转移中起关键作用。这些转移途径使不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属和泛菌属等关键病原菌获得抗性并保持顽固，对作物健康和食品安全构成潜在风险。总之，我们的研究结果突出表明，杀菌剂和抗生素可推动ARGs在土壤-生菜系统中的向上迁移，并降低农产品的质量安全。
