Palazzo Claudia, Nutarelli Sofia, Mastrantonio Roberta, Tamagnone Luca, Viscomi Maria Teresa
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Feb;104:102618. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102618. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
The central nervous system (CNS) is wired by a complex network of integrated glial and neuronal signals, which is critical for its development and homeostasis. In this context, glia-glia communication is a complex and dynamic process that is essential for ensuring optimal CNS function. Semaphorins, which include secreted and transmembrane molecules, and their receptors, mainly found in the plexin and neuropilin families, are expressed in a wide range of cell types, including glia. In the CNS, semaphorin signalling is involved in a spectrum of processes, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and wiring, and glial cell recruitment. Recently, semaphorins and plexins have attracted intense research aimed at elucidating their roles in instructing glial cell behavior during development or in response to inflammatory stimuli. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of semaphorins in glia-glia communication, highlighting recent discoveries about semaphoring-dependent regulation of glia functions in healthy conditions. We also discuss the mechanisms of gliaglia crosstalk mediated by semaphorins under pathological conditions, and how these interactions may provide potential avenues for therapeutic intervention in neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration.
中枢神经系统（CNS）由整合的胶质细胞和神经元信号组成的复杂网络连接而成，这对其发育和稳态至关重要。在这种情况下，胶质细胞间通讯是一个复杂且动态的过程，对于确保中枢神经系统的最佳功能至关重要。信号素包括分泌型和跨膜分子，其受体主要存在于丛状蛋白和神经纤毛蛋白家族中，在包括胶质细胞在内的多种细胞类型中表达。在中枢神经系统中，信号素信号传导参与一系列过程，包括神经发生、神经元迁移和连接以及胶质细胞募集。最近，信号素和丛状蛋白吸引了大量研究，旨在阐明它们在发育过程中或对炎症刺激作出反应时指导胶质细胞行为的作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了信号素在胶质细胞间通讯中的多方面作用，强调了在健康条件下信号素依赖性调节胶质细胞功能的最新发现。我们还讨论了在病理条件下由信号素介导的胶质细胞间相互作用的机制，以及这些相互作用如何为神经炎症介导的神经退行性变的治疗干预提供潜在途径。
