Campos João C, Albuquerque Beatriz, Civantos Emilio, Honrado João P, Regos Adrián
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.
Ecol Appl. 2025 Jan;35(1):e3059. doi: 10.1002/eap.3059. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
Climate and land-use changes are contributing to impacts on global ecosystem functioning. These effects are particularly severe in areas undergoing land abandonment and extreme wildfire events, such as the Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies have evaluated the impacts of land management on fire mitigation and biodiversity (species distribution and species richness), but how such strategies influence functional diversity remains unexplored. This study investigates how alternative land-fire management strategies may affect functional diversity. We modeled for 2050 for the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés (Portugal-Spain). Land-use scenarios simulated processes of land abandonment ("business-as-usual"-BAU) and the implementation of EU rural policies ("high nature value farmlands"-HNVf), and were combined with three fire suppression levels. Species distribution models (102 vertebrates) were projected to each scenario, and functional diversity indices were consequently calculated. The highest functional richness was predicted for BAU scenarios, probably representing the benefits to unique species that deliver singular functions. The HNVf scenarios provided the highest functional divergence, probably indicating a high niche differentiation and low resource competition amongst agricultural communities. HNVf was the most beneficial scenario for ecosystem functioning, while fire suppression did not affect functional diversity. Despite the proneness to burn of our study area and the effects of firefighting on its fire regime, land-use policies are expected to have greater influence than fire suppression effects on functional diversity. These findings suggest that different facets of functional diversity will be unevenly influenced by fire-landscape dynamics driven by the land-use policies to be implemented in the upcoming decades.
气候和土地利用变化正在对全球生态系统功能产生影响。这些影响在经历土地撂荒和极端野火事件的地区尤为严重，例如伊比利亚半岛的地中海地区。以往的研究评估了土地管理对火灾缓解和生物多样性（物种分布和物种丰富度）的影响，但这些策略如何影响功能多样性仍未得到探索。本研究调查了替代性土地火灾管理策略可能如何影响功能多样性。我们对2050年的跨界生物圈保护区热雷斯-苏雷斯（葡萄牙-西班牙）进行了建模。土地利用情景模拟了土地撂荒过程（“照常营业”-BAU）和欧盟农村政策的实施（“高自然价值农田”-HNVf），并与三种火灾抑制水平相结合。将物种分布模型（102种脊椎动物）投影到每个情景中，并据此计算功能多样性指数。预计BAU情景下功能丰富度最高，这可能代表了对具有独特功能的独特物种的益处。HNVf情景提供了最高的功能离散度，这可能表明农业群落之间的生态位分化高且资源竞争低。HNVf对生态系统功能来说是最有益的情景，而火灾抑制并未影响功能多样性。尽管我们的研究区域容易发生火灾，且灭火对其火灾状况有影响，但预计土地利用政策对功能多样性的影响将大于灭火效果。这些发现表明，功能多样性的不同方面将受到未来几十年即将实施的土地利用政策所驱动的火灾-景观动态的不均衡影响。
