Dang Cecile, Severn-Ellis Anita A, Bayer Philipp, Anderson Nicole, Gholipour-Kanani Hosna, Batley Jacqueline, McCauley Robert D, Day Ryan D, Semmens Jayson M, Speed Conrad, Meekan Mark G, Parsons Miles J G
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
BMC Genomics. 2024 Dec 6;25(1):1188. doi: 10.1186/s12864-024-11091-7.
The wild stocks of Pinctada maxima pearl oysters found off the coast of northern Australia are of critical importance for the sustainability of Australia's pearling industry. Locations inhabited by pearl oysters often have oil and gas reserves in the seafloor below and are therefore potentially subjected to seismic exploration surveys. The present study assessed the impact of a simulated commercial seismic survey on the transcriptome of pearl oysters. Animals were placed at seven distances (-1000, 0, 300, 500, 1000, 2000, and 6000 m) from the first of six operational seismic source sail lines. Vessel control groups were collected before the seismic survey started and exposed groups were collected after completion of six operational seismic sail lines (operated at varying distances over a four-day period). Samples from these groups were taken immediately and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-exposure. RNA-seq was used to identify candidate genes and pathways impacted by the seismic noise in pearl oyster mantle tissues. The quantified transcripts were compared using DESeq2 and pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using KEGG pathway, identifying differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with the seismic activity.
The study revealed the highest gene expression and pathway dysregulation after four days of exposure and a month post-exposure. However, this dysregulation diminished after three months, with only oysters at -1000 and 0 m displaying differential gene expression and pathway disruption six months post-exposure. Stress-induced responses were evident and impacted energy production, transcription, translation, and protein synthesis.
Seismic activity impacted the gene expression and pathways of pearl oysters at distances up to 2000 m from the source after four days of exposure, and at distances up to 1000 m from the source one-month post-exposure. At three- and six-months post-exposure, gene and pathway dysregulations were mostly observed in oysters located closest to the seismic source at 0 and - 1000 m. Overall, our results suggest that oysters successfully activated stress responses to mitigate damage and maintain cellular homeostasis and growth in response to seismic noise exposure.
在澳大利亚北部海岸发现的大珠母贝野生种群对澳大利亚珍珠养殖业的可持续发展至关重要。珍珠贝栖息的区域，其海底下方往往蕴藏着石油和天然气储备，因此有可能会受到地震勘探调查的影响。本研究评估了模拟商业地震调查对珍珠贝转录组的影响。将动物放置在距离六条作业地震源拖缆中第一条拖缆的七个距离处（-1000、0、300、500、1000、2000和6000米）。在地震调查开始前收集船只对照组样本，在完成六条作业地震拖缆后（在四天内以不同距离作业）收集暴露组样本。这些组的样本在暴露后立即以及暴露后1、3和6个月采集。使用RNA测序来鉴定受地震噪声影响的珍珠贝外套膜组织中的候选基因和通路。使用DESeq2比较定量转录本，并使用KEGG通路进行通路富集分析，确定与地震活动相关的差异表达基因和通路。
研究显示，暴露四天后和暴露一个月后基因表达和通路失调最为严重。然而，这种失调在三个月后减弱，仅在暴露六个月后，距离为-1000和0米处的牡蛎显示出差异基因表达和通路破坏。应激诱导反应明显，影响能量产生、转录、翻译和蛋白质合成。
暴露四天后，地震活动影响了距离震源达2000米处的珍珠贝的基因表达和通路，暴露一个月后，影响了距离震源达1000米处的珍珠贝。在暴露后三个月和六个月时，基因和通路失调主要在距离震源最近的0和-1000米处的牡蛎中观察到。总体而言，我们的结果表明，牡蛎成功激活了应激反应，以减轻损害并在暴露于地震噪声时维持细胞内稳态和生长。
