Sandström Thomas, Bosson Jenny A, Muala Ala, Kabéle Mikael, Pourazar Jamshid, Boman Christoffer, Rankin Gregory, Mudway Ian S, Blomberg Anders, Friberg Maria
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2024 Dec 5;21(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12989-024-00614-5.
Exposure to standard petrodiesel exhaust is linked to adverse health effects. Moreover, there is a mounting request to replace fossil-based fuels with renewable and sustainable alternatives and, therefore, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and other biofuels have been introduced. However, recent toxicological research has indicated that biodiesel exhaust may also induce adverse health-related events.
To determine whether exposure to 100% RME biodiesel (BD100) exhaust would cause an acute airway neutrophilic recruitment in humans.
Fourteen healthy subjects underwent exposure to diluted BD100 exhaust and filtered air for 1-h, in a blinded, random fashion. Bronchoscopy with endobronchial mucosal biopsies, bronchial wash (BW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed six hours after exposure. Differential cell counts and inflammatory markers were determined in the supernatant and biopsies were stained immunohistochemically.
Compared with filtered air, BD100 exhaust exposure increased bronchial mucosal endothelial P-selectin adhesion molecule expression, as well as neutrophil, mast cell and CD68 + macrophage numbers. An increased influx of neutrophils and machrophages was also seen in BW.
Exposure to biodiesel exhaust was associated with an acute airway inflammation that appeared similar to preceding petrodiesel exposure studies. The present findings, together with the recently reported adverse cardiovascular effects after similar biodiesel exposure, indicate that biodiesel is not free of toxicity and may affect human health.
接触标准的石化柴油废气与不良健康影响有关。此外，用可再生和可持续的替代品取代化石燃料的要求日益增加，因此，已引入了菜籽油甲酯（RME）和其他生物燃料。然而，最近的毒理学研究表明，生物柴油废气也可能引发与健康相关的不良事件。
确定接触100%RME生物柴油（BD100）废气是否会导致人体气道急性中性粒细胞募集。
14名健康受试者以盲法、随机方式分别接触稀释的BD100废气和过滤空气1小时。接触6小时后进行支气管镜检查及支气管黏膜活检、支气管灌洗（BW）和支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）。测定上清液中的细胞分类计数和炎症标志物，并对活检组织进行免疫组织化学染色。
与过滤空气相比，接触BD100废气会增加支气管黏膜内皮P-选择素黏附分子的表达，以及中性粒细胞、肥大细胞和CD68+巨噬细胞的数量。在BW中也观察到中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的流入增加。
接触生物柴油废气与急性气道炎症有关，这与之前的石化柴油接触研究结果相似。目前的研究结果，连同最近报道的类似生物柴油接触后出现的不良心血管影响，表明生物柴油并非无毒，可能会影响人类健康。
