Mishra Lopamudra, Mishra Monalisa
Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
J Mater Chem B. 2025 Jan 15;13(3):763-801. doi: 10.1039/d4tb01960a.
Normal physiological functions as well as regulatory mechanisms for various pathological conditions depend on the activity of enzymes. Thus, determining the activity of enzymes is crucial for monitoring the physiological metabolism and diagnosis of diseases. Traditional enzyme detection methods are inefficient for detection, which have different limitations, such as high cost, laborious, and inevitable invasive procedures, low spatio-temporal resolution, weak anti-interference ability, and restricted scope of application. Because of its non-destructive nature, ultra-environmental sensitivity, and high spatiotemporal resolution, fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a potent tool for the real-time visualization of live cells, thereby imaging the motility of proteins and intracellular signalling networks in tissues and cells and evaluating the binding and attraction of molecules. In the last few years, significant advancements have been achieved in detecting and imaging enzymes in biological systems. In this regard, the high sensitivity and unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution of fluorescent probes in association with confocal microscopy have garnered significant interest. In this review, we focus on providing a concise summary of the latest developments in the design of fluorogenic probes used for monitoring disease-associated enzymes and their application in biological imaging. We anticipate that this study will attract considerable attention among researchers in the relevant field, encouraging them to pursue advances in the development and application of fluorescent probes for the real-time monitoring of enzyme activity in live cells and models while ensuring excellent biocompatibility.
正常生理功能以及各种病理状况的调节机制均依赖于酶的活性。因此，测定酶的活性对于监测生理代谢和疾病诊断至关重要。传统的酶检测方法检测效率低下，存在不同的局限性，如成本高、操作繁琐、不可避免的侵入性操作、时空分辨率低、抗干扰能力弱以及应用范围受限等。由于其无损性质、超高环境敏感性和高时空分辨率，荧光成像技术已成为实时可视化活细胞的有力工具，从而能够对组织和细胞中的蛋白质运动及细胞内信号网络进行成像，并评估分子的结合和吸引情况。在过去几年中，在生物系统中检测和成像酶方面取得了重大进展。在这方面，荧光探针与共聚焦显微镜相结合的高灵敏度和无与伦比的时空分辨率引起了广泛关注。在本综述中，我们专注于简要总结用于监测与疾病相关酶的荧光探针设计的最新进展及其在生物成像中的应用。我们预计这项研究将在相关领域的研究人员中引起相当大的关注，鼓励他们在开发和应用荧光探针以实时监测活细胞和模型中的酶活性方面取得进展，同时确保优异的生物相容性。
