Weissman M M, Merikangas K R, Wickramaratne P, Kidd K K, Prusoff B A, Leckman J F, Pauls D L
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 May;43(5):430-4. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050028003.
For major depression, putative subgroups have been defined by age at onset, clinical severity, symptom patterns, or the presence of other disorders (comorbidity), yet the high degree of overlap in clinical presentation makes it difficult to determine which combination of criteria for defining subgroups best predicts familial aggregation. In dealing with this overlap, we found that only early age at onset, or major depression with an anxiety disorder or secondary alcoholism, were independently related to increased risk of major depression in relatives. Once the effects of these proband factors had been taken into account, endogenous, delusional, melancholic, or autonomous symptom patterns, recurrent depression, history of hospitalization, and suicidal ideation or attempts in probands were not associated with increased risk of major depression in relatives.
对于重度抑郁症，已根据发病年龄、临床严重程度、症状模式或其他疾病（共病）的存在来定义假定的亚组，但临床表现的高度重叠使得难以确定哪种定义亚组的标准组合最能预测家族聚集性。在处理这种重叠问题时，我们发现只有发病年龄早，或伴有焦虑症或继发性酒精中毒的重度抑郁症，与亲属患重度抑郁症的风险增加独立相关。一旦考虑到这些先证者因素的影响，先证者的内源性、妄想性、抑郁性或自主性症状模式、复发性抑郁症、住院史以及自杀观念或企图与亲属患重度抑郁症的风险增加无关。
