Yu Ming Yang, Liu Xing Chi, Yu Zi Li, Jia Jun
Chin J Dent Res. 2024 Dec 6;27(4):291-301. doi: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b5860259.
Oral diseases not only greatly impact patients' daily lives, but also pose a severe threat to their overall health. Due to the constant exposure of saliva to oral diseases, the former plays a vital role in their diagnosis and monitoring. Exosomes, nanosized bilayer lipid encapsulated nanovesicles, are widely present in saliva and can be released by any type of cell. Exosomes inherit features from their mother cells in both physiological and pathological conditions. The molecular characteristics and expression levels of exosomes depend on their cellular origin, and they can directly reflect the physiological state of the body and cells. This makes salivary exosomes a promising source for early detection and monitoring of oral diseases. As a result, researchers have been exploring the potential use of exosomes as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting various oral diseases. This review provides an overview of the composition, separation and function of salivary exosomes. It also discusses their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers for several oral diseases, including periodontitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, oral mucosal diseases, hand-foot-mouth disease and oral squamous cell carcinoma. By studying salivary exosomes, researchers hope to improve the early detection and monitoring of oral diseases, leading to better outcomes for patients.
口腔疾病不仅极大地影响患者的日常生活，还对他们的整体健康构成严重威胁。由于唾液持续暴露于口腔疾病中，唾液在口腔疾病的诊断和监测中起着至关重要的作用。外泌体是纳米级的双层脂质包裹的纳米囊泡，广泛存在于唾液中，可由任何类型的细胞释放。外泌体在生理和病理条件下都继承了其母细胞的特征。外泌体的分子特征和表达水平取决于其细胞来源，它们可以直接反映身体和细胞的生理状态。这使得唾液外泌体成为早期检测和监测口腔疾病的有前景的来源。因此，研究人员一直在探索外泌体作为诊断和预测各种口腔疾病的生物标志物的潜在用途。本综述概述了唾液外泌体的组成、分离和功能。它还讨论了唾液外泌体作为几种口腔疾病（包括牙周炎、原发性干燥综合征、口腔黏膜疾病、手足口病和口腔鳞状细胞癌）的诊断和预后标志物的潜力。通过研究唾液外泌体，研究人员希望改善口腔疾病的早期检测和监测，为患者带来更好的治疗结果。
