Cui Xianzhen, Liu Liu, Duan Chengchen, Mao Suning, Wang Guanru, Li Honglin, Miao Cheng, Cao Yubin
Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
J Dent Sci. 2025 Jan;20(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.10.001. Epub 2024 Oct 15.
Salivary gland diseases encompass a broad range of conditions, including autoimmune, inflammatory, obstructive, and neoplastic disorders, significantly impacting oral health and overall well-being. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, in these diseases. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, microRNAs, and lipids, positioning them as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents. In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), exosomes derived from Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells and activated T cells transfer key microRNAs that impair calcium signaling, contributing to glandular dysfunction. Exosome-based biomarkers like Ro/SSA and La/SSB, found in saliva, serum, and tears, offer non-invasive diagnostic tools for early disease detection. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes show promise in treating pSS by modulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair. While exosomes hold promise for the diagnosis and treatment of other salivary gland diseases, such as radiation-induced xerostomia and sialolithiasis, their application remains limited, necessitating further research to unlock their full diagnostic and therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the role of exosomes in salivary gland diseases, with an emphasis on pSS, and highlights the need for future clinical applications and large-scale trials.
唾液腺疾病涵盖广泛的病症，包括自身免疫性、炎性、阻塞性和肿瘤性疾病，对口腔健康和整体健康状况有重大影响。最近的研究强调了外泌体（一种小细胞外囊泡）在这些疾病中的关键作用。外泌体通过转运蛋白质、微小RNA和脂质等生物活性分子来介导细胞间通讯，使其成为潜在的诊断生物标志物和治疗剂。在原发性干燥综合征（pSS）中，源自感染爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒的B细胞和活化T细胞的外泌体转运关键的微小RNA，这些微小RNA会损害钙信号传导，导致腺体功能障碍。在唾液、血清和泪液中发现的基于外泌体的生物标志物，如Ro/SSA和La/SSB，为疾病早期检测提供了非侵入性诊断工具。此外，间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体在通过调节免疫反应和促进组织修复来治疗pSS方面显示出前景。虽然外泌体在诊断和治疗其他唾液腺疾病（如放射性口干症和涎石病）方面具有潜力，但其应用仍然有限，需要进一步研究以充分发挥其诊断和治疗潜力。本综述重点关注外泌体在唾液腺疾病中的作用，尤其是pSS，并强调未来临床应用和大规模试验的必要性。
