Tipirneni Yash, Soltero-Rivera Maria, Blandino Andrew, Goldschmidt Stephanie
1College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2024 Dec 6;263(3):368-376. doi: 10.2460/javma.24.09.0594. Print 2025 Mar 1.
Canine oral neoplasia is often detected late in the course of the disease, necessitating radical surgeries frequently combined with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy for positive outcomes. Although there has been extensive analytical and epidemiologic work on human oral cancer, research in veterinary medicine has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with canine oral neoplasia to enhance early detection by improving screening.
Patient data from 1985 to 2024 from the University of California-Davis Veterinary Teaching Hospital were bulk extracted to determine prevalence as well as the effect of clinical and environmental risk factors, including sex, breed, oral location, air quality, and periodontal disease status. The median air quality index (AQI) data were extrapolated from the Environmental Protection Agency's database. Periodontal disease status was evaluated on patient CT scans.
The incidence of oral tumors was 4.59/1,000 patients. The median age upon diagnosis was 9.66 years, and 3 breeds were identified as significantly at risk compared to the general patient population. Air quality index, geographical location, and periodontal disease were not associated with oral neoplasia. Different tumor histologies had distinct oral predilection sites.
Overall, there was a significant correlation between age/breed and oral neoplasms. Tumor locations were significantly different for each pathology. Other risk factors did not play a substantial role in disease.
These findings can aid veterinarians and researchers in targeting screening and treatment strategies in high-risk dogs.
犬口腔肿瘤常在疾病进程的晚期才被发现，这使得根治性手术经常需要与辅助化疗或放疗联合使用才能取得积极的治疗效果。尽管在人类口腔癌方面已经开展了广泛的分析和流行病学研究，但兽医学领域的相关研究一直较为缺乏。本研究旨在评估犬口腔肿瘤的患病率及相关风险因素，以通过改进筛查来提高早期诊断率。
提取了加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校兽医教学医院1985年至2024年的患者数据，以确定患病率以及临床和环境风险因素的影响，这些因素包括性别、品种、口腔部位、空气质量和牙周疾病状况。空气质量指数（AQI）的中位数数据是从环境保护局的数据库中推断出来的。通过患者的CT扫描评估牙周疾病状况。
口腔肿瘤的发病率为4.59/1000例患者。诊断时的中位年龄为9.66岁，与一般患者群体相比，有3个品种被确定为显著高危品种。空气质量指数、地理位置和牙周疾病与口腔肿瘤无关。不同的肿瘤组织学类型有不同的口腔偏好部位。
总体而言，年龄/品种与口腔肿瘤之间存在显著相关性。每种病理类型的肿瘤位置有显著差异。其他风险因素在该疾病中未起重要作用。
这些发现有助于兽医和研究人员针对高危犬制定筛查和治疗策略。
