Shah M Adeel Alam, Tang Wei, Zhang Jing-Hui, Chen Cheng, Wang Jia-Wei, Lü Shu-Jun, Yu Xin-Tong, Zhang Zhi-Jun, Li Chan, Yu Sheng-Bo, Sui Hong-Jin
Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
Ann Anat. 2025 Feb;258:152368. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368. Epub 2024 Dec 4.
Avascular necrosis of femoral head and malunion are frequent post-operative complications of femoral neck fractures. To optimize surgical techniques, this study aims to provide a microstructural understanding of intraosseous microvasculature and the trabecular bone of the femoral head and neck.
This anatomical study analyzed twenty-eight femora from fourteen cadaveric beagles. Common iliac arteries were infused with colored silicone-resin for vascular visualization, followed by non-decalcified hard tissue processing using the EXAKT®, and Masson's trichrome staining. Morphology and histomorphometric analysis were performed by Nikon NIS Elements BR and ImageJ-fiji.
Histomorphometry revealed thin, elongated trabeculae with high vascularity aligned parallel in the neck; numerous intraosseous anastomoses at the neck-shaft and head-neck junctions; thick trabeculae with smaller marrow cavities, and dense branching vascular networks near the cortex in the head. Quantitative analysis showed an inverse correlation between trabecular density and mean vascular density/vascular length density, with no significant sex or side differences. Dense connective tissue fibers maintained the microvasculature and trabeculae structure.
The femoral neck displayed an outside-in microvascular pattern via retinacular branches. Conversely, the femoral head had an inside-out pattern through epiphyseal branches reinforced by medullary branches. Dense intraosseous microvasculature aligned sub-cortically. The study identified a potential anatomical safe zone for screwing in femoral neck fractures in beagles. These findings provide an anatomical basis for translational research in joint preservation techniques for humans.
股骨头缺血性坏死和骨不连是股骨颈骨折常见的术后并发症。为优化手术技术，本研究旨在对股骨头和颈的骨内微血管及小梁骨进行微观结构分析。
本解剖学研究分析了14只成年比格犬尸体的28个股骨。向髂总动脉注入彩色硅树脂以进行血管显影，随后使用EXAKT®进行非脱钙硬组织处理，并进行Masson三色染色。通过尼康NIS Elements BR和ImageJ-fiji进行形态学和组织形态计量学分析。
组织形态计量学显示，颈部小梁薄且细长，血管丰富，呈平行排列；在颈干和头颈交界处有大量骨内吻合支；头部小梁厚，骨髓腔小，皮质附近有密集的分支血管网络。定量分析显示小梁密度与平均血管密度/血管长度密度呈负相关，性别和侧别差异均无统计学意义。致密结缔组织纤维维持了微血管和小梁结构。
股骨颈通过支持带分支呈现由外向内的微血管模式。相反，股骨头通过骺分支并由髓内分支加强呈现由内向外的模式。致密的骨内微血管在皮质下排列。本研究确定了比格犬股骨颈骨折拧入螺钉的潜在解剖安全区。这些发现为人类关节保留技术的转化研究提供了解剖学基础。
