O'Connor Eoin, Vieira Fabricio Rocha, Di Tomassi Isako, Richardson Rachel, Hockett Kevin L, Bull Carolee T, Pecchia John A
Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvanian State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Fungal Biol. 2024 Dec;128(8 Pt A):2266-2273. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.11.001. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Productive cultivation of the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) relies on the use of selective substrates and effective disease management. In extending our previous work on manipulating the developmental microbiome (devome), this study employs the strategy of substrate passaging to explore its effects on crop outcomes and disease dynamics. Here we subjected the casing substrate to ten cycles of passaging. This manipulated substrate stimulated early pinning (primordia formation) by at least three days. Passaged casing also altered disease dynamics when challenged with two commercially important A. bisporus pathogens, Pseudomonas tolaasii (causing bacterial blotch) and Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum (responsible for green mold). Passaged casing had a suppressive effect on blotch disease and a conducive effect on green mold disease. Blotch suppression resulted in a significantly higher yield of asymptomatic mushrooms in all three mushroom harvests (flushes) and in the overall crop yield. Blotch severity was also significantly reduced in passaged casing compared to standard casing due to a lower yield of mushrooms with the highest degree of blotch disease expression. Green mold disease expression was markedly higher in passaged casing, leading to lower numbers of asymptomatic mushrooms. Zones where no growth of hyphae or mushrooms were also observed in passaged casing due to green mold disease pressure. The stimulating effect of passaged casing on mushroom development and the dynamic outcomes for disease challenge from two distinct, commercially damaging diseases, demonstrates the potential for passaged casing to be used as material to study more sustainable mushroom production and disease management practices.
双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）的高产栽培依赖于使用选择性基质和有效的病害管理。在扩展我们之前关于操纵发育微生物组（devome）的工作时，本研究采用基质传代策略来探索其对作物产量和病害动态的影响。在这里，我们对覆土基质进行了十次传代循环。这种经过处理的基质使早期现蕾（原基形成）提前了至少三天。当用两种对商业生产重要的双孢蘑菇病原体——托拉斯假单胞菌（导致细菌性斑点病）和强致病木霉（引起绿霉病）进行挑战时，传代覆土也改变了病害动态。传代覆土对斑点病有抑制作用，对绿霉病有促进作用。斑点病的抑制导致在所有三次蘑菇采收（潮次）中无症状蘑菇的产量显著提高，并且总产量也有所增加。与标准覆土相比，传代覆土中的斑点病严重程度也显著降低，这是因为斑点病表达程度最高的蘑菇产量较低。传代覆土中的绿霉病表现明显更高，导致无症状蘑菇数量减少。由于绿霉病的压力，在传代覆土中还观察到没有菌丝或蘑菇生长的区域。传代覆土对蘑菇发育的刺激作用以及对两种不同的、具有商业破坏性病害的病害挑战动态结果，表明传代覆土有潜力用作研究更可持续的蘑菇生产和病害管理实践的材料。
