Overmier J B, Papini M R
Behav Neurosci. 1986 Apr;100(2):190-9. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.100.2.190.
Two experiments on the nature of avoidance behavior in the goldfish are reported. In the first experiment, a master/yoked design was used to determine the degree to which Pavlovian conditioning would generate acquisition of a shuttle response by goldfish. Results indicated that the mere sequence of signal-shock pairings experienced by the avoidance animals is not in this situation sufficient to explain the development of the instrumental avoidance responding. The second experiment was conducted to study the effects of three variables on the retention and extinction of the avoidance response. First, unilateral lesions of the telencephalon produced a transient deficit from which the subjects recovered to normal levels. Retention of the avoidance response after bilateral telencephalon ablation was impaired and never fully recovered with additional training. Second, this deficit was reduced under higher intensities of electric shock. Third, overtraining on the task before the ablation had only a nonsignificant enhancing effect on retention levels. Extinction was always poorer following ablation, independent of the type of ablation, intensity of shock, degree of overtraining, and terminal retention level of performance. The results are discussed in terms of various theories of telencephalic function in fish.
本文报告了两项关于金鱼回避行为本质的实验。在第一个实验中，采用主/被试配对设计来确定巴甫洛夫条件作用在多大程度上会促使金鱼习得穿梭反应。结果表明，在这种情况下，回避动物所经历的信号 - 电击配对序列不足以解释工具性回避反应的发展。第二个实验旨在研究三个变量对回避反应的保持和消退的影响。首先，端脑单侧损伤会产生短暂的缺陷，但实验对象会恢复到正常水平。双侧端脑切除后，回避反应的保持受到损害，并且通过额外训练也从未完全恢复。其次，在较高强度的电击下，这种缺陷会减少。第三，在切除手术前对任务进行过度训练，对保持水平只有不显著的增强作用。无论切除类型、电击强度、过度训练程度以及最终的表现保持水平如何，切除后消退总是更差。本文根据鱼类端脑功能的各种理论对结果进行了讨论。
