Desbois Andrew P, Brunton Lucy A, Henriksson Patrik J G, Luthman Ola, Troell Max, Green Darren M
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, United Kingdom.
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jan 1;958:177785. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177785. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) demands collective action to reduce and mitigate its threats. The Quadripartite collaboration of the World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) has led development and implementation of National Action Plans (NAPs) that describe approaches each country will take to tackle AMR. All antimicrobial users and sectors should be included, and the Quadripartite encourages a One Health approach. Aquaculture has received mixed coverage in NAPs: Here, we argue why aquaculture requires special consideration. Aquaculture is a diverse, global collection of industries and activities, with heterogeneity in systems and species greatly exceeding terrestrial food-animal production, with products traded internationally in huge volumes. Almost 6 % of global total antibiotic usage is estimated to be applied in aquaculture, with per-biomass quantities in some species exceeding usage in human and terrestrial food-animals. The watery nature of aquaculture interconnects it with other One Health compartments: humans, other animals and the wider environment. Rapid industry growth challenges relatively detached stakeholders such as regulators and NAP creators to remain abreast of changing practices, whilst support capabilities and capacity, e.g., health services, typically lag behind growing needs. To integrate aquaculture effectively into next-generation NAPs, ensuring policies cover the One Health spectrum, NAP creators need to recognise the diversity of aquaculture and initiate engagement across associated value chains, especially health service providers. Disentangling the industry can assist formulation of realistic policies for heterogenous contexts and identify pathways to implementation. Resource allocation must be appropriate and include relevant government departments, whilst improved ways to track and monitor AMR, including those international activities that impact AMR domestically, through suitable data collection are key to monitoring and evaluating policies. Better NAPs are crucial to addressing AMR and this coordinated global approach provides our best opportunity for success.
抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）需要采取集体行动来减少并减轻其威胁。世界卫生组织（WHO）、联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）、联合国环境规划署（UNEP）和世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）的四方合作主导了国家行动计划（NAPs）的制定与实施，这些计划描述了每个国家应对AMR将采取的方法。所有抗微生物药物使用者和部门都应被纳入其中，四方鼓励采取“同一个健康”方法。水产养殖在国家行动计划中的覆盖情况不一：在此，我们阐述水产养殖需要特殊考量的原因。水产养殖是一个多样化的全球性产业和活动集合，其系统和物种的异质性远超陆地食用动物生产，产品大量进行国际贸易。据估计，全球抗生素总使用量的近6%用于水产养殖，某些物种的单位生物量使用量超过人类和陆地食用动物。水产养殖的水环境特性使其与“同一个健康”的其他组成部分（人类、其他动物和更广泛的环境）相互关联。该行业的快速发展给相对独立的利益相关者（如监管机构和国家行动计划制定者）带来挑战，使其难以跟上不断变化的做法，而诸如卫生服务等支持能力和容量通常滞后于不断增长的需求。为了将水产养殖有效地纳入下一代国家行动计划，确保政策涵盖“同一个健康”的各个方面，国家行动计划制定者需要认识到水产养殖的多样性，并启动跨相关价值链的参与，特别是与卫生服务提供者的合作。梳理该行业有助于制定针对不同情况的现实政策，并确定实施途径。资源分配必须恰当，包括相关政府部门，同时改进跟踪和监测AMR的方法，包括通过适当的数据收集来监测那些对国内AMR有影响的国际活动，这是监测和评估政策的关键。更好的国家行动计划对于应对AMR至关重要，这种全球协调方法为我们提供了取得成功的最佳机会。
