Esteves Ana F, Gonçalves Ana L, Vilar Vítor J P, Pires José C M
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; CITEVE - Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industries of Portugal, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.
Biotechnol Adv. 2025 Mar-Apr;79:108493. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108493. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
Microalgae, as photosynthetic microorganisms, offer a sustainable source of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants. Leveraging their advantages, such as fast growth, CO fixation, cultivation without arable land, and wastewater utilisation, microalgae can produce a diverse range of compounds. The extracted products find applications in bioenergy, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries. The selection of microalgal species is crucial, and their biochemical composition varies during growth phases influenced by environmental factors like light, salinity, temperature, and nutrients. Manipulating growth conditions shapes biomass composition, optimising the production of target compounds. This review synthesises research from 2019 onwards, focusing on stress induction and two-stage cultivation in microalgal strategies. This review takes a broader approach, addressing the effects of various operating conditions on a range of biochemical compounds. It explores the impact of operational parameters (light, nutrient availability, salinity, temperature) on biomass composition, elucidating microalgal mechanisms. Challenges include species-specific responses, maintaining stable conditions, and scale-up complexities. A two-stage approach balances biomass productivity and compound yield. Overcoming challenges involves improving upstream and downstream processes, developing sophisticated monitoring systems, and conducting further modelling work. Future efforts should concentrate on strain engineering and refined monitoring, facilitating real-time adjustments for optimal compound accumulation. Moreover, conducting large-scale experiments is essential to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of the process through techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessments.
微藻作为光合微生物，是蛋白质、脂质、碳水化合物、色素、维生素和抗氧化剂的可持续来源。利用其生长迅速、固定二氧化碳、无需耕地即可养殖以及可利用废水等优势，微藻能够生产多种化合物。提取的产品可应用于生物能源、动物饲料、制药、营养保健品、化妆品和食品工业。微藻种类的选择至关重要，并且在生长阶段其生化组成会因光照、盐度、温度和营养等环境因素而有所不同。控制生长条件可塑造生物质组成，优化目标化合物的生产。本综述综合了2019年以来的研究，重点关注微藻策略中的胁迫诱导和两阶段培养。本综述采用了更广泛的方法，探讨了各种操作条件对一系列生化化合物的影响。它研究了操作参数（光照、养分可用性、盐度、温度）对生物质组成的影响，阐明了微藻的机制。挑战包括物种特异性反应、维持稳定条件以及扩大规模的复杂性。两阶段方法可平衡生物质生产力和化合物产量。克服挑战需要改进上游和下游工艺、开发精密的监测系统以及开展进一步的建模工作。未来的工作应集中在菌株工程和精细监测上，以便进行实时调整以实现最佳化合物积累。此外，进行大规模实验对于通过技术经济分析和生命周期评估来评估该过程的可行性和可持续性至关重要。
