Cipolotti Lisa, Mole Joe, Ruffle James K, Nelson Amy, Gray Robert, Nachev Parashkev
Department of Neuropsychology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.
Cortex. 2025 Jan;182:87-99. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.010. Epub 2024 Nov 29.
Influential theories of complex behaviour invoke the notion of cognitive control modulated by conflict between counterfactual actions. Medial frontal cortex, notably the anterior cingulate cortex, has been variously posited as critical to such conflict detection, resolution, or monitoring, largely based on correlative data from functional imaging. Examining performance on the most widely used "conflict" task-Stroop-in a large cohort of patients with focal brain injury (N = 176), we compare anatomical patterns of lesion-inferred neural substrate dependence to those derived from functional imaging, meta-analytically summarised. Our results show that whereas performance is sensitive to the integrity of left lateral frontal regions implicated by functional imaging, it does not depend on medial frontal cortex, despite sampling adequate to reveal robust medial effects in the context of phonemic fluency. We suggest that medial frontal cortex is not critically invoked by Stroop and proceed to review the conceptual grounds for rejecting the core notion of conflict-driven cognitive control.
复杂行为的影响理论引入了由反事实行动之间的冲突所调节的认知控制概念。内侧前额叶皮层，尤其是前扣带回皮层，在很大程度上基于功能成像的相关数据，被不同地假定为对这种冲突检测、解决或监测至关重要。在一大群局灶性脑损伤患者（N = 176）中，通过检查在最广泛使用的“冲突”任务——斯特鲁普任务中的表现，我们将基于病变推断的神经基质依赖性的解剖模式与从功能成像中得出的模式进行比较，并进行元分析总结。我们的结果表明，尽管表现对功能成像所涉及的左侧额叶区域的完整性敏感，但它并不依赖于内侧前额叶皮层，尽管在音素流畅性的背景下抽样足以揭示强大的内侧效应。我们认为，斯特鲁普任务并未关键地调用内侧前额叶皮层，并进而审视拒绝冲突驱动的认知控制核心概念的概念依据。
