Dannisworo Cantyo A, Kluwer Esther S, Arriaga Ximena B, Karremans Johan C
Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Interpers Violence. 2025 Nov;40(21-22):5242-5268. doi: 10.1177/08862605241301794. Epub 2024 Dec 8.
Previous research shows that victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) often justify violence, which can play a role in the persistence of violence. The present studies examined whether the victim's justification of violence negatively affects third parties' evaluative responses toward the victim (general evaluation of the victim, victim blaming, and evaluation of the victim's response toward the violence) and negatively affects third parties' willingness to support and take action. We also examined whether this would occur especially when the violence had happened frequently in the past. In two experimental studies (one in the Netherlands, Study 1, = 220; one in Indonesia, Study 2, = 231), participants watched a video depicting IPV. After watching the video, we manipulated the victim's justification of violence (high vs. low justification of violence) as well as the frequency of violence experienced by the victim in the past (high vs. low past frequency). Consistent across the two studies, the results showed that when they justified violence (as compared to when they did not justify violence), victims were evaluated more negatively. There were no effects on victim blaming, willingness to support, and willingness to take action. We also found the effects of past frequency of violence on victim evaluation and willingness to take action. We discuss how the current findings extend previous research on the consequences of justification of violence as well as on third-party responses toward victims.
先前的研究表明，亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的受害者常常为暴力行为辩解，这可能在暴力行为的持续存在中起到作用。本研究调查了受害者对暴力行为的辩解是否会对第三方对受害者的评价反应（对受害者的总体评价、指责受害者以及对受害者对暴力行为反应的评价）产生负面影响，以及是否会对第三方提供支持和采取行动的意愿产生负面影响。我们还研究了这种情况是否尤其会在暴力行为过去频繁发生时出现。在两项实验研究中（一项在荷兰进行，研究1，n = 220；一项在印度尼西亚进行，研究2，n = 231），参与者观看了一段描绘亲密伴侣暴力的视频。观看视频后，我们操纵了受害者对暴力行为的辩解程度（对暴力行为的高辩解与低辩解）以及受害者过去经历的暴力行为频率（过去的高频率与低频率）。两项研究结果一致显示，当受害者为暴力行为辩解时（与不为暴力行为辩解相比），他们受到的评价更负面。这对指责受害者、支持意愿和采取行动的意愿没有影响。我们还发现了过去暴力行为频率对受害者评价和采取行动意愿的影响。我们讨论了当前的研究结果如何扩展了先前关于暴力行为辩解后果以及第三方对受害者反应的研究。
