Qin Yu-Sheng, Yi Juan, Chen Yan-Jun, Zhang Wei, Tang Shi-Fu
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Viral Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology (Liuzhou People's Hospital), Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545006, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Feb 26;17(8):11443-11468. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c15165. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global public health threat with a high incidence that can result in severe mortality and disability. The lack of targeted effects from traditional therapeutic drugs on atherosclerosis may cause damage to other organs and tissues, necessitating the need for a more focused approach to address this dilemma. Micro/nanomotors are self-propelled micro/nanoscale devices capable of converting external energy into autonomous movement, which offers advantages in enhancing penetration depth and retention while increasing contact area with abnormal sites, such as atherosclerotic plaque, inflammation, and thrombosis, within blood vessel walls. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role micro/nanomotors play in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hence, this review highlights the recent progress of micro/nanomotor technology in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including the effective promotion of micro/nanomotors in the circulatory system, overcoming hemorheological barriers, targeting the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, and targeting intracellular drug delivery, to facilitate atherosclerotic plaque localization and therapy. Furthermore, we also describe the potential application of micro/nanomotors in the imaging of vulnerable plaque. Finally, we discuss key challenges and prospects for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease while emphasizing the importance of designing individualized management strategies specific to its causes and microenvironmental factors.
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病对全球公共卫生构成重大威胁，其高发病率可导致严重的死亡率和残疾率。传统治疗药物对动脉粥样硬化缺乏靶向作用，可能会对其他器官和组织造成损害，因此需要一种更有针对性的方法来解决这一困境。微纳马达是能够将外部能量转化为自主运动的自驱动微纳尺度装置，在增强穿透深度和滞留时间的同时，增加与血管壁内异常部位（如动脉粥样硬化斑块、炎症和血栓形成）的接触面积方面具有优势。最近的研究表明微纳马达在治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病中发挥着关键作用。因此，本综述重点介绍了微纳马达技术在动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病治疗方面的最新进展，包括微纳马达在循环系统中的有效推进、克服血液流变学障碍、靶向动脉粥样硬化斑块微环境以及靶向细胞内药物递送，以促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的定位和治疗。此外，我们还描述了微纳马达在易损斑块成像中的潜在应用。最后，我们讨论了治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的关键挑战和前景，同时强调针对其病因和微环境因素设计个性化管理策略的重要性。
