Animal-derived free hydrolysate in animal cell culture: Current research and application advances.

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) plays a crucial role in the composition of animal cell culture medium. However, conventional serum-based medium face numerous challenges. The use of animal-derived free hydrolysate (ADFH) has garnered significant attention in research and applications as a viable alternative to FBS-containing medium in animal cell culture. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the effects, mechanisms of action, and applications of ADFH in animal cell culture. ADFH serves as an effective substitute for FBS-containing medium, enhancing various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, viability, protein synthesis, production, survival, and stability. Several mechanisms of action for ADFH have been elucidated through scientific investigations, such as nutrient provision, activation of signaling pathways, regulation of protein synthesis and folding, protection against oxidative damage and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle regulation. Researches and applications of ADFH represent a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of FBS-containing medium and advancing the field of animal cell culture. This review provides a theoretical foundation for promoting the development of sustainable and alternative hydrolysates, as well as the continued progress of animal cell culture.