Stelzer Fernando Gustavo, Ferrão Ygor Arzeno, Maia Debora Palma, Barea Liselotte Menke, Barros Helena Maria Tahnnauser, Éckeli Álan Luiz
School of Medicine, Universidade Do Vale Do Rio Do Sinos, Rua São Joaquim, 250 - apto 601, Centro, São Leopoldo, RS, CEP 93040 - 040, Brazil.
Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Sleep Breath. 2024 Dec 9;29(1):52. doi: 10.1007/s11325-024-03230-x.
Recent evidences pointed out that the prevalence of comorbidity of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is around 20%. Nonetheless its association factors have not been extensively evaluated after the recent modification in diagnostic criteria. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of RLS/WED and its association factors with OSA in an adult sample.
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study including 490 adult patients with OSA diagnosis (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 obstructive events/hour associated to clinical picture). RLS/WED diagnosis was established by the 2014 International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria established by face-to-face interview with a neurologist.
The prevalence of RLS/WED was 18.6% (n = 91) and its diagnosis was previously established in 13.2% (n = 12/91). The mean IRLSSG severity score was 17.0 (standard deviation 6.8). RLS/WED was associated with female sex, chronic insomnia symptoms, greater anxiety, and depression severity scores, and with mild obstructive sleep apnea severity. On the other hand, severe obstructive sleep apnea was negatively associated to RLS/WED.
Despite being relatively prevalent among patients with OSA, RLS/WED is previously underrecognized in our sample. RLS/WED severity correlated with higher scores on anxiety and depression scales. Chronic insomnia symptoms were the main RLS/WED association factor.
近期证据指出，不安腿综合征/Willis-Ekbom病（RLS/WED）与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的共病患病率约为20%。然而，在诊断标准最近修订后，其相关因素尚未得到广泛评估。我们旨在估计成人样本中RLS/WED的患病率及其与OSA的相关因素。
这是一项前瞻性横断面研究，纳入490例诊断为OSA的成年患者（呼吸暂停低通气指数≥5次阻塞性事件/小时且伴有临床表现）。RLS/WED的诊断依据2014年国际不安腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）标准，通过与神经科医生面对面访谈确定。
RLS/WED的患病率为18.6%（n = 91），其中13.2%（n = 12/91）此前已确诊。IRLSSG严重程度评分的平均值为17.0（标准差6.8）。RLS/WED与女性、慢性失眠症状、更高的焦虑和抑郁严重程度评分以及轻度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度相关。另一方面，严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与RLS/WED呈负相关。
尽管RLS/WED在OSA患者中相对普遍，但在我们的样本中此前未得到充分认识。RLS/WED严重程度与焦虑和抑郁量表上的更高评分相关。慢性失眠症状是RLS/WED的主要相关因素。
