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DNA损伤应答激酶Mec1/ATR及其激活因子Rad24/RAD17在减数分裂重组过程中的可分离作用。

Separable roles of the DNA damage response kinase Mec1ATR and its activator Rad24RAD17 during meiotic recombination.

作者信息

Crawford Margaret R, Harper Jon A, Cooper Tim J, Marsolier-Kergoat Marie-Claude, Llorente Bertrand, Neale Matthew J

机构信息

Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, United Kingdom.

Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.

出版信息

PLoS Genet. 2024 Dec 9;20(12):e1011485. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011485. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Abstract

During meiosis, programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed by the topoisomerase-like enzyme, Spo11, activating the DNA damage response (DDR) kinase Mec1ATR via the checkpoint clamp loader, Rad24RAD17. At single loci, loss of Mec1 and Rad24 activity alters DSB formation and recombination outcome, but their genome-wide roles have not been examined in detail. Here, we utilise two strategies-deletion of the mismatch repair protein, Msh2, and control of meiotic prophase length via regulation of the Ndt80 transcription factor-to help characterise the roles Mec1 and Rad24 play in meiotic recombination by enabling genome-wide mapping of meiotic progeny. In line with previous studies, we observe severely impacted spore viability and a reduction in the frequency of recombination upon deletion of RAD24-driven by a shortened prophase. By contrast, loss of Mec1 function increases recombination frequency, consistent with its role in DSB trans-interference, and has less effect on spore viability. Despite these differences, complex multi-chromatid events initiated by closely spaced DSBs-rare in wild-type cells-occur more frequently in the absence of either Rad24 or Mec1, suggesting a loss of spatial regulation at the level of DSB formation in both. Mec1 and Rad24 also have important roles in the spatial regulation of crossovers (COs). Upon loss of either Mec1 or Rad24, CO distributions become more random-suggesting reductions in the global manifestation of interference. Such effects are similar to, but less extreme than, the phenotype of 'ZMM' mutants such as zip3Δ, and may be driven by reductions in the proportion of interfering COs. Collectively, in addition to shared roles in CO regulation, our results highlight separable roles for Rad24 as a pro-CO factor, and for Mec1 as a regulator of recombination frequency, the loss of which helps to suppress any broader defects in CO regulation caused by abrogation of the DDR.

摘要

在减数分裂过程中,拓扑异构酶样酶Spo11形成程序性DNA双链断裂(DSB),通过检查点钳位装载蛋白Rad24/RAD17激活DNA损伤反应(DDR)激酶Mec1/ATR。在单个基因座上,Mec1和Rad24活性的丧失会改变DSB的形成和重组结果,但它们在全基因组中的作用尚未得到详细研究。在这里,我们采用两种策略——缺失错配修复蛋白Msh2以及通过调控Ndt80转录因子来控制减数分裂前期长度——通过对减数分裂后代进行全基因组定位,来帮助确定Mec1和Rad24在减数分裂重组中所起的作用。与先前的研究一致,我们观察到,由于前期缩短,RAD24缺失会严重影响孢子活力,并降低重组频率。相比之下,Mec1功能的丧失会增加重组频率,这与其在DSB反式干扰中的作用一致,并且对孢子活力的影响较小。尽管存在这些差异,但由紧密间隔的DSB引发的复杂多染色单体事件(在野生型细胞中很少见)在Rad24或Mec1缺失时更频繁发生,这表明两者在DSB形成水平上均丧失了空间调控。Mec1和Rad24在交叉互换(CO)的空间调控中也具有重要作用。Mec1或Rad24缺失时,CO分布变得更加随机,这表明干扰的整体表现有所降低。这些效应与zip3Δ等“ZMM”突变体的表型相似,但程度较轻,可能是由干扰性CO比例的降低所驱动。总体而言,除了在CO调控中具有共同作用外,我们的结果还突出了Rad24作为促进CO因子以及Mec1作为重组频率调节因子的可分离作用,它们的缺失有助于抑制DDR缺失导致的CO调控中任何更广泛的缺陷。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d6a5/11658708/e95fc0490e03/pgen.1011485.g001.jpg

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