Su Qingfeng, Peng Xiaoqian, Zhang Zihui, Xiong Zhongcheng, He Bowu, Chu Pengfei, Zhu Chengke
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Feb;157:110081. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.110081. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
Probiotics are increasingly considered as an alternative to antibiotics in developing environmentally sustainable aquaculture practices. Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × Acipenser schrenckii ♂), a globally popular species valued for its nutritional content and caviar, has limited research on host-associated probiotics. In this study, we isolated and identified Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from healthy hybrid sturgeon and assessed their impact on growth, immunity, gut microbiota, and transcriptome following an 8-week feeding trial. The isolated strains demonstrated strong production of protease, amylase, lipase, and cellulase, along with broad-spectrum pathogen inhibition, including Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sobria, and Yersinia ruckeri. Supplementation with B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly improved growth performance and increased survival rates against A. veronii infection. Mechanistically, probiotics altered gut microbiota composition, enhancing digestive functions. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that probiotic supplementation boosted immune response and protein digestion and absorption. These findings suggest that B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens are promising probiotic candidates for the hybrid sturgeon industry, offering effective protection against A. veronii infection.
在发展环境可持续的水产养殖实践中，益生菌越来越被视为抗生素的替代品。杂交鲟（西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂）是一种全球流行的物种，因其营养成分和鱼子酱而受到重视，但对其宿主相关益生菌的研究有限。在本研究中，我们从健康的杂交鲟中分离并鉴定了枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌，并在为期8周的饲养试验后评估了它们对生长、免疫、肠道微生物群和转录组的影响。分离出的菌株表现出强大的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶产生能力，以及对包括维氏气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌和鲁氏耶尔森菌在内的广谱病原体的抑制作用。补充枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌显著改善了生长性能，并提高了对维氏气单胞菌感染的存活率。从机制上讲，益生菌改变了肠道微生物群组成，增强了消化功能。转录组分析进一步表明，补充益生菌可增强免疫反应以及蛋白质消化和吸收。这些发现表明，枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌是杂交鲟产业中很有前景的益生菌候选菌株，能有效抵御维氏气单胞菌感染。
