Absalyamova Margarita, Traktirov Dmitrii, Burdinskaya Viktoria, Artemova Valeria, Muruzheva Zamira, Karpenko Marina
Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia.
FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russia.
Neuroscience. 2025 Jan 26;565:292-300. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.12.009. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
Parkinson's disease is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative motor disorders worldwide with postural instability, bradykinesia, resting tremor and rigidity being the most common symptoms of the disease. Despite the fact that the molecular mechanisms of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis have already been well described, there is still no coherent picture of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. According to modern concepts, neurodegeneration is induced mainly by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, dysregulation of cerebral proteostasis, apoptotic dysregulation, and impaired autophagy. This review describes how various factors contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Understanding the factors affecting fundamental cellular processes and responsible for disease progression may help develop therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from the disease. The review also discusses the role of calpains in the development of Parkinson's disease. It is known that α-synuclein is a substrate of calcium-dependent proteases of the calpain family. Truncated forms of α-synuclein are not only involved in the process of formation of the aggregates, but also increase their toxicity.
帕金森病是全球最常见的神经退行性运动障碍之一，姿势不稳、运动迟缓、静止性震颤和肌强直是该病最常见的症状。尽管帕金森病发病机制的分子机制已得到充分描述，但对于该疾病的病因发病机制仍缺乏连贯的认识。根据现代概念，神经退行性变主要由氧化应激、神经炎症、脑内蛋白质稳态失调、凋亡失调和自噬受损引起。本综述描述了各种因素如何导致帕金森病中的神经退行性变。了解影响基本细胞过程并导致疾病进展的因素可能有助于制定治疗策略，以改善患有该疾病患者的生活质量。该综述还讨论了钙蛋白酶在帕金森病发展中的作用。已知α-突触核蛋白是钙蛋白酶家族中钙依赖性蛋白酶的底物。α-突触核蛋白的截短形式不仅参与聚集体的形成过程，还会增加其毒性。
